Table 3.
Summary of Systematic Review Data on Patient Demographic Characteristics, Amnioinfusion Procedure, and Mode of Delivery
| Patient | Reference, year | Study type | Fetal diagnosis | Maternal age (y) | No. of amnioin-fusions | Gestational age at instillations (wk+d) | Technique (fluid) | Total fluid infused per procedure (mL) | Delivery GA (wk+d) | Type of delivery | Pregnancy or delivery complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fisk et al,18 1991 | Observational | Lower urinary tract obstruction | Not reported | 6 | 22-29 | Serial percutaneous instillations | Not reported | 30 | Cesarean | Chorioamnionitis |
| 2 | Hansmann et al,19 1991 | Observational | Lower urinary tract obstruction | 36 | 2 | First infusion at 20 | Serial percutaneous instillations | Average 86.3 | 41 | Vaginal | Not reported |
| 3 | Cameron et al,20 1994 | Case report | Bilateral renal agenesis, club feet | 21 | 10 | 16+2, 19, 21, 24, remaining at 1- to 2-wk intervals, last procedure at 33+4 | Serial percutaneous instillations | #1, 205; #2, 250; #3, 400; #4, 250; 6 additional instillations to subjective assessment of normal. The amniotic fluid volume max was 1400 | 33+6 | Vaginal | Presented at 33 wk + 6 d with painful abdominal cramps. Tocolysis initiated, then discontinued due to suspected chorioamnionitis. Administered intravenous antibiotics and labor progressed. Severe oligohydramnios noted at delivery. Tight double nuchal cord noted. |
| 4 | Hsu et al,21 2007 | Observational | Bilateral renal dysgenesis | 20-37 | 6 | First infusion at 21 | Serial percutaneous instillations | 250-600; rate, 10-15 mL/min 250-600, rate 10-15 mL/min |
29 | Not reported | Not reported |
| 5 | Hsu et al,21 2007 | Observational | Right renal agenesis, left renal dysgenesis | 20-38 | 2 | First infusion at 22 | Serial percutaneous instillations | 250-600; rate, 10-15 mL/min | 28 | Not reported | Not reported |
| 6 | Hsu et al,21 2007 | Care report | Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease | 20-39 | 2 | First infusion at 24 | Serial percutaneous instillations | 250-600; rate, 10-15/min | 30 | Not reported | Not reported |
| 7 | Bienstock et al,2 2014 | Case report | Bilateral renal agenesis, absent bladder | 34 | 5 | 24+1, 25+1, 26+1, 27+1, 28+1 | Serial percutaneous instillations | ~15 mL per week of gestational age, goal amniotic fluid index ~10 cm | 28+5 | Vaginal | Presented at 28 wk + 1 d with preterm contractions. Given betamethasone & terbutaline. Presented at 28 wk + 4 d with preterm contractions. Given magnesium sulfate. Delivery next day with 10% placental abruption |
| 8 | Haeri,22 2015 | Case report | Lower urinary tract obstruction and renal dysplasia | 30 | 4 | 21, 24, 26, 28 | Serial percutaneous instillations | Average 10-15 mL per week of gestational age, need assessed by weekly amniotic fluid volume measurements | 33+3 | Cesarean | None |
| 9 | Haeri,22 2015 | Case report | Lower urinary tract obstruction and renal dysplasia | 33 | 5 | 21, 24, 26, 28, 29 | Serial percutaneous instillations | Average 10-15 mL per week of gestational age, need assessed by weekly amniotic fluid volume measurements | 37 | Cesarean | Fetal growth restriction |
| 10 | Whittaker & Leonardi,23 2016 | Case report | Bilateral renal agenesis | 28 | 7 | 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 | Serial percutaneous instillations | Not reported | 30 | Cesarean | Persistent fetal bradycardia diagnosed at time of 30 wk amnioinfusion led to emergent cesarean delivery |
| 11 | Polzin et al,1 2017 | Observational | Lower urinary tract obstruction | Not reported | 10 | Amnioport placed at 26+6, dislodged & replaced at 28+2, infusions started at 29 | Transabdominal amnioport | Average 457 | 32 | Not reported | Not reported |
| 12 | Polzin et al,1 2017 | Observational | Lower urinary tract obstruction (partial obstruction) | Not reported | 9 | Amnioport placed at 27, infusions started at 28+1 | Transabdominal amnioport | Average 298 | 37+1 | Not reported | Not reported |
| 13 | Polzin et al,1 2017 | Observational | Lower urinary tract obstruction | Not reported | 21 | Amnioport placed at 23+2, infusions started 26 | Transabdominal amnioport | Average 437 | 37 | Not reported | Not reported |
| 14 | Polzin et al,1 2017 | Observational | Lower urinary tract obstruction (partial obstruction) | Not reported | 22 | Amnioport placed at 22+4, infusions started at 23+4 | Transabdominal amnioport | Average 431 | 31+5 | Not reported | Not reported |
| 15 | Polzin et al,1 2017 | Observational | Lower urinary tract obstruction | Not reported | 13 | Amnioport placed at 23+4, infusions started at 23+5 | Transabdominal amnioport | Average 470 | 32+2 | Not reported | Not reported |
| 16 | Polzin et al,1 2017 | Observational | Dysplastic horseshoe kidneys | Not reported | 11 | Amnioport placed at 22+3, infusions started at 23+5 | 4 Transabdominal amnioport , 7 serial percutaneous instillations | Average 311 | 35+4 | Not reported | Not reported |
| 17 | Polzin et al,1 2017 | Observational | Bilateral cystic dysplasia | Not reported | 21 | Amnioport placed at 22, infusions started at 22 | Transabdominal amnioport | Average 352 | 34+6 | Not reported | Not reported |