TABLE 2.
Modulators of sirtuins.
| Sirtuins | Modulators | Pathways/Mechanism | Functions | References |
| SIRT1 | Resveratrol | AMPK/SIRT1/autophagy | ↓ Autophagy | Wan et al., 2016; Li and Han, 2018 |
| BDNF/trkb | ↑ Recovery of motor function | Shi et al., 2016 | ||
| Camp/Bcl-2 | ↓ Apoptosis | Shin et al., 2012 | ||
| NLRP3 | ↓ Oxidative stress and I/R injury | He et al., 2017; Zou et al., 2018 | ||
| Rolipram (Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor) | NF-kB | ↓ Neuroinflammation and neuronal loss | Peng et al., 2018 | |
| Akt (Protein kinase B) | ↓ Neuronal apoptosis | Li Q. et al., 2018 | ||
| Omega-3 | Autophagy pathway | ↓ Neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization | Chen et al., 2018b | |
| Melatonin | Melatonin receptor/Sirt1/NF-kb | ↓ Apoptosis, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress | Yang et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2017 | |
| Astaxanthin | TLR4 | ↓ Inflammation | Zhang et al., 2019 | |
| Dexmedetomidine | NFAT5/SIRT1/Nrf2 | ↓ I/R injury | Chen et al., 2019 | |
| Agomelatine | NF-kb/p65 | ↓ Inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis | Savran et al., 2020 | |
| Saponin | Akt/SIRT1/FOXO3a/PGC-1α | ↓ Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction | Duan et al., 2019 | |
| Estrogen | AMPK | ↓ Ischemic brain injury | Guo et al., 2017 | |
| Icariin | PGC-1alpha | ↓ Ischemic brain injury | Zhu et al., 2010 | |
| Ginsenoside | NF-KB | ↓ Inflammation | Cheng et al., 2019 | |
| Salidroside | SIRT1/FOXO3α | ↓ I/R injury | Xu et al., 2018 | |
| Arctigenin | NLRP3 | ↓ Inflammation | Zhang W. et al., 2017 | |
| Alpha-lipoic acid | PGC-1α | ↓ Oxidative stress | Fu et al., 2014 | |
| Lithospermate B | NF-KB | ↓ Neuroinflammation and apoptosis | Lv et al., 2015; Peng et al., 2018 | |
| Nampt | NAD+/Sirt1/AMPK | ↓ Neuron apoptosis | Wang et al., 2011 | |
| Mtor/S6K1 | ↑ Autophagy | Wang et al., 2012 | ||
| Curcumin | Not mentioned | ↓ I/R injury | Miao et al., 2016 | |
| Oxymatrine | ↓ Autophagy | Zhou et al., 2018 | ||
| Magnolol | ↓ Inflammation and apoptosis | Kou et al., 2017 | ||
| Liraglutide | ↑ Mitochondrial involved brain repair | He et al., 2020 | ||
| Vitamin E | ↓ Oxidative stress | Aiguo et al., 2010 | ||
| SIRT2 | DHA | Not mentioned | ↓ Oxidative stress | Wu et al., 2011 |
| Hydrogen-rich saline | ↓ Oxidative stress | Hou et al., 2012 | ||
| SIRT3 | Minocycline | Phd-2 | ↑ BBB integrity | Yang et al., 2015 |
| Melatonin | NLRP3 | ↓ ROS production | Yang et al., 2018 | |
| Magnolol | Not mentioned | ↓ Oxidative stress and amyloid proteinβ | Ramesh et al., 2018 | |
| LMWF | ↓ Oxidative stress and mitochondrial disfunction | Wang et al., 2016 | ||
| SIRT6 | Bexarotene | PPARγ/foxo3a | ↓ Neuroinflammation | Zuo et al., 2019 |