Table 1.

Chemotactic genes of endoparasites and endophytes discussed in this review.

Endoparasite, endophyte	Chemotactic gene	Model organism orthologues	Predicted functions	Reference
Rhizobium radiobacter (bacteria)	ChvE	E. coli galactose/glucose-binding protein (GBP)	Putative sugar chemoreceptor	Cangelosi et al., 1990
	CheW1, CheW2	E. coli CheW	Scaffold protein binding chemoreceptor and histidine kinase CheA	Huang et al., 2018
Rhizobium leguminosarum (bacteria)	McpB, McpC	E. coli MCPs	Chemoreceptors with unknown ligands	Yost et al., 1998
Sinorhizobium meliloti (bacteria)	McpE, McpS, McpT, McpU, McpV, McpW, McpX, McpY, McpZ	E. coli MCPs	Chemoreceptors for sugars, amino acids and organic acids	Meier et al., 2007
	CheY1, CheY2	E. coli CheY	Binds and changes the rotation direction of flagellar motor,	Sourjik and Schmitt, 1996; Sourjik and Schmitt, 1998
	CheD	E. coli CheD	Deaminase that regulates chemoreceptor activities	Scharf et al., 2016
	CheS	N/A	Regulates phosphorylation of CheY1	Dogra et al., 2012
	CheT	N/A	Required for chemotaxis, function unknown	Scharf et al., 2016
Fusarium oxysporum (fungi)	STE2	S. cerevisiae Ste2	Chemoreceptor for unknown host signal	Turrà et al., 2015
	Fmk1	S. cerevisiae Fus3 and Kss1	MAP kinase for chemotropism signaling,	Di Pietro et al., 2001
Meloidogyne incognita (nematode)	Mi-odr-1	C. elegans odr-1	Membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase that produces cGMP secondary messenger	Shivakumara et al., 2019
	Mi-odr-3	C. elegans odr-3	Gα protein that regulates cyclic nucleotide metabolism	Shivakumara et al., 2019
	Mi-tax-2, Mi-tax-4	C. elegans tax-2 and tax-4	Subunits of cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel involved in G-protein-mediated signalling	Shivakumara et al., 2019