Table 3.
Percent positive rates and rate ratios of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Massachusetts according to social variables, June 10, 2020
| Social variables | Positive rate, % (95% CI) | Rate ratio (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| Percentage of residents in poverty | |||
| First quartile | 12.0 (11.7, 12.2) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Second quartile | 13.6 (13.3, 13.9) | 1.14 (1.10, 1.17) | 1.16 (1.12, 1.20) |
| Third quartile | 15.0 (14.8, 15.3) | 1.26 (1.22, 1.29) | 1.19 (1.16, 1.22) |
| Fourth quartile | 18.7 (18.5, 18.8) | 1.56 (1.52, 1.60) | 1.33 (1.29, 1.36) |
| Median income | |||
| Fourth quartile | 12.3 (12.1, 12.6) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Third quartile | 14.2 (14.0, 14.4) | 1.15 (1.12, 1.18) | 1.09 (1.06, 1.12) |
| Second quartile | 16.8 (16.6, 17.0) | 1.36 (1.33, 1.40) | 1.23 (1.20, 1.26) |
| First quartile | 19.3 (19.1, 19.5) | 1.57 (1.53, 1.60) | 1.40 (1.36, 1.43) |
| Employment in healthcare and social assistance industry | |||
| First quartile | 13.1 (12.8, 13.2) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Second quartile | 15.8 (15.6, 16.1) | 1.21 (1.18, 2.14) | 1.29 (1.26, 1.33) |
| Third quartile | 17.3 (17.1, 17.5) | 1.32 (1.29, 1.35) | 1.31 (1.27, 1.34) |
| Fourth quartile | 17.7 (17.5, 18.0) | 1.36 (1.32, 1.39) | 1.36 (1.33, 1.39) |
| Employment in transportation industry | |||
| First quartile | 10.1 (9.9, 10.3) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Second quartile | 13.8 (13.6, 14.1) | 1.37 (1.33, 1.41) | 1.41 (1.37, 1.45) |
| Third quartile | 17.2 (17.1, 17.4) | 1.71 (1.67, 1.75) | 1.59 (1.55, 1.63) |
| Fourth quartile | 21.6 (21.4, 21.9) | 2.14 (2.09, 2.20) | 2.09 (2.04, 2.14) |
| Employment in service occupations | |||
| First quartile | 10.9 (10.7, 11.1) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Second quartile | 15.2 (14.9, 15.5) | 1.40 (1.36, 1.43) | 1.48 (1.44, 1.52) |
| Third quartile | 16.7 (16.5, 16.9) | 1.54 (1.50, 1.57) | 1.47 (1.43, 1.50) |
| Fourth quartile | 19.4 (19.3, 19.6) | 1.79 (1.75, 1.83) | 1.79 (1.66, 1.74) |
| Employment in healthcare support occupations | |||
| First quartile | 10.3 (10.1, 10.6) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Second quartile | 14.3 (14.1, 14.5) | 1.38 (1.34, 1.42) | 1.44 (1.40, 1.49) |
| Third quartile | 17.9 (17.7, 18.0) | 1.73 (1.68, 1.77) | 1.65 (1.61, 1.69) |
| Fourth quartile | 18.8 (18.6, 19.0) | 1.81 (1.77, 1.86) | 1.73 (1.68, 1.77) |
| Percentage of residents who rented | |||
| First quartile | 12.4 (12.1, 12.7) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Second quartile | 13.7 (13.4, 13.9) | 1.10 (1.07, 1.14) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.09) |
| Third quartile | 16.1 (15.9, 16.4) | 1.30 (1.27, 1.34) | 1.16 (1.13, 1.20) |
| Fourth quartile | 18.2 (18.0, 18.3) | 1.47 (1.43, 1.51) | 1.14 (1.10, 1.17) |
| Percentage of residents who were uninsured | |||
| First quartile | 12.6 (12.3, 13.0) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Second quartile | 12.2 (12.0, 12.4) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.94) |
| Third quartile | 16.4 (16.2, 16.6) | 1.29 (1.26, 1.33) | 1.17 (1.13, 1.20) |
| Fourth quartile | 19.4 (19.2, 19.5) | 1.53 (1.49, 1.57) | 1.32 (1.28, 1.36) |
| Unemployment rate | |||
| First quartile | 12.1 (11.8, 12.3) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Second quartile | 13.6 (13.4, 13.9) | 1.13 (1.10, 1.16) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) |
| Third quartile | 18.4 (18.2, 18.7) | 1.52 (1.49, 1.56) | 1.38 (1.35, 1.42) |
| Fourth quartile | 18.1 (18.0, 18.3) | 1.50 (1.47, 1.54) | 1.25 (1.22, 1.28) |
| Total | 16.6 (16.4, 16.7) | - | - |
Model 1: social variables only; Model 2: social variables and median age of city or town.
CI, confidence interval.