Table 5.

Pooled results for the association of SOX1 promoter hypermethylation with CIN3+ risk.

Comparisons	Studies (N)	Sample size (CIN3+/CIN2–)	Heterogeneity		Modela	Effect size
			I2(%)	PQ-text		OR (95% CI)	P
Total	14	918/2193	75	<0.001	R	11.12 (7.04–17.55)	<0.001
Ethnicity
Asian	10	621/1529	82	<0.001	R	11.67 (6.05–22.51)	<0.001
Others	4	297/664	0	0.93	F	9.14 (6.42–13.01)	<0.001
Source of controls
Healthy	4	302/678	69	0.02	R	11.30 (5.21–24.52)	<0.001
Non-healthyb	10	616/1515	79	<0.001	R	11.07 (6.09–20.12)	<0.001
Materials
Tissue	2	62/100	0	0.34	F	8.92 (3.87–20.53)	<0.001
Exfoliated cells	12	856/2093	79	<0.001	R	11.28 (6.86–18.55)	<0.001
Publication year
≥ 2015	8	634/1112	79	0.56	R	14.60 (7.90–26.96)	<0.001
< 2015	6	284/1081	72	0.003	R	7.56 (3.58–15.96)	<0.001
Quality of studies
High (>11)	8	600/1296	32	0.17	F	3.49 (3.07–3.97)	<0.001
Low (≤11)	6	318/898	98	<0.001	R	2.65 (1.24–5.68)	0.01

^aWhen significant heterogeneity was found (I²≥50% or P_Q−test ≤ 0.1), a random-effects model with the inverse variance method was used to pool the results; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was applied.

^bNon-healthy controls included autologous controls and controls with benign gynecological diseases.

N, number; F, fixed-effects model; R, random-effects model.