Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by CKD stage
| Stage 1 (n = 4,268) | Stage 2 (n = 7,246) | Stage 3a (n = 2,288) | Stage 3b (n = 889) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.7 (9.3) | 62.3 (8.7) | 65.9 (8.4) | 68.0 (8.5) |
| <65 | 3,260/4,268 (76.4) | 4,278/7,246 (59.0) | 945/2,288 (41.3) | 300/889 (33.7) |
| ≥65 | 1,008/4,268 (23.6) | 2,968/7,246 (41.0) | 1,343/2,288 (58.7) | 589/889 (66.3) |
| ≥75 | 125/4,268 (2.9) | 547/7,246 (7.5) | 353/2,288 (15.4) | 215/889 (24.2) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2,814/4,268 (65.9) | 4,487/7,246 (61.9) | 1,330/2,288 (58.1) | 485/889 (54.6) |
| Female | 1,454/4,268 (34.1) | 2,759/7,246 (38.1) | 958/2,288 (41.9) | 404/889 (45.4) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 3,093/4,267 (72.5) | 5,578/7,243 (77.0) | 1,777/2,287 (77.7) | 678/889 (76.3) |
| Asian | 493/4,267 (11.6) | 653/7,243 (9.0) | 211/2,287 (9.2) | 90/889 (10.1) |
| Black | 318/4,267 (7.5) | 398/7,243 (5.5) | 107/2,287 (4.7) | 51/889 (5.7) |
| Hispanic | 333/4,267 (7.8) | 554/7,243 (7.6) | 178/2,287 (7.8) | 66/889 (7.4) |
| Other | 30/4,267 (0.7) | 60/7,243 (0.8) | 14/2,287 (0.6) | 4/889 (0.5) |
| Region | ||||
| Europe | 2,172/4,268 (50.9) | 3,342/7,246 (46.1) | 923/2,288 (40.3) | 325/889 (36.6) |
| North America | 973/4,268 (22.8) | 1,753/7,246 (24.2) | 678/2,288 (29.6) | 288/889 (32.4) |
| Latin America | 628/4,268 (14.7) | 1,438/7,246 (19.8) | 473/2,288 (20.7) | 181/889 (20.4) |
| Asia Pacific | 495/4,268 (11.6) | 713/7,246 (9.8) | 214/2,288 (9.4) | 95/889 (10.7) |
| Duration of type 2 diabetes (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 11.4 (7.2) | 13.0 (8.2) | 14.8 (8.9) | 17.4 (9.4) |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 10.0 (6.0, 15.0) | 12.0 (7.0, 18.0) | 14.0 (8.0, 20.0) | 16.0 (11.0, 22.0) |
| <5 | 717/4,249 (16.9) | 1,001/7,231 (13.8) | 225/2,275 (9.9) | 57/883 (6.5) |
| ≥5 to <15 | 2,333/4,249 (54.9) | 3,571/7,231 (49.4) | 1,020/2,275 (44.8) | 312/883 (35.3) |
| ≥15 | 1,199/4,249 (28.2) | 2,659/7,231 (36.8) | 1,030/2,275 (45.3) | 514/883 (58.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.8 (6.6) | 32.6 (6.3) | 32.8 (6.4) | 32.8 (6.7) |
| Prior CV event | 2,799/4,268 (65.6) | 5,364/7,246 (74.0) | 1,864/2,288 (81.5) | 763/889 (85.8) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1,969/4,268 (46.1) | 3,825/7,246 (52.8) | 1,365/2,288 (59.7) | 607/889 (68.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 617/4,267 (14.5) | 1,202/7,246 (16.6) | 464/2,288 (20.3) | 218/888 (24.5) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 685/4,267 (16.1) | 1,404/7,246 (19.4) | 499/2,288 (21.8) | 206/889 (23.2) |
| Prior congestive heart failure | ||||
| Yes | 558/4,268 (13.1) | 1,113/7,246 (15.4) | 477/2,288 (20.8) | 232/888 (26.1) |
| No | 3,710/4,268 (86.9) | 6,133/7,246 (84.6) | 1,811/2,288 (79.2) | 656/888 (73.9) |
| Cigarette smoking status | ||||
| Current | 691/4,266 (16.2) | 786/7,245 (10.8) | 188/2,287 (8.2) | 50/886 (5.6) |
| Former | 1,554/4,266 (36.4) | 2,904/7,245 (40.1) | 909/2,287 (39.7) | 396/886 (44.7) |
| Never | 2,021/4,266 (47.4) | 3,555/7,245 (49.1) | 1,190/2,287 (52.0) | 440/886 (49.7) |
| HbA1c | ||||
| % | 8.2 (1.0) | 8.1 (1.0) | 8.1 (1.0) | 8.1 (1.0) |
| mmol/mol | 65.6 (10.6) | 65.0 (10.4) | 65.0 (10.5) | 64.9 (10.4) |
| <8% (<63.93 mmol/mol) | 2,019/4,243 (47.6) | 3,557/7,208 (49.3) | 1,122/2,281 (49.2) | 442/886 (49.9) |
| ≥8% (≥63.93 mmol/mol) | 2,224/4,243 (52.4) | 3,651/7,208 (50.7) | 1,159/2,281 (50.8) | 444/886 (50.1) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 107.1 (18.5) | 74.4 (8.6) | 53.2 (4.2) | 38.8 (4.0) |
| Albuminuria | 558/3,120 (17.9) | 1,122/5,277 (21.3) | 445/1,680 (26.5) | 221/650 (34.0) |
| Microalbuminuria | 478/3,120 (15.3) | 931/5,277 (17.6) | 321/1,680 (19.1) | 135/650 (20.8) |
| Macroalbuminuria | 80/3,120 (2.6) | 191/5,277 (3.6) | 124/1,680 (7.4) | 86/650 (13.2) |
Unless otherwise indicated, data are the mean (SD) or number with the characteristic/Number in the column subgroup with nonmissing data (proportion), as appropriate for continuous and categorical variables.