Table 2.

Demographic and clinical findings of the conservatively managed and medically treated groups of the infants with moderate-to-large PDA.

	Conservative	Medical	P
	(n = 130)	(n = 414)
Gestational age (w)*	26.5 ± 1.4	26.5 ± 1.5	0.89
Birth weight (g)*	924 ± 232	877 ± 230	0.06
Gender (male), n (%)	65 (30)	202 (49)	0.81
Type of delivery (C/S), n (%)	96 (74)	311 (75)	0.77
Multiple gestation, n (%)	22 (17)	90 (22)	0.23
PPROM, n (%)	40 (31)	94 (23)	0.06
Preeclampsia, n (%)	32 (25)	101 (24)	0.96
Chorioamnionitis, n (%)	14 (11)	52 (13)	0.58
Antenatal steroid, n (%)	88 (68)	288 (70)	0.68
Delivery room intubation, n (%)	64 (49)	239 (58)	0.08
Surfactant use, n (%)	104 (80)	380 (92)	< 0.001
RDS, n (%)	108 (83)	392 (95)	< 0.001
Early-onset sepsis, n (%)	48 (37)	166 (40)	0.52
Received respiratory support, n (%)	113 (87)	408 (99)	< 0.001
Duration of respiratory support (d)**	18 (1–245)	22 (1–181)	0.001
Discharged with open PDA, n (%)	25 (19)	80 (19)	0.98
PDA ligation, n (%)	8 (6)	29 (7)	0.73
LOS, n (%)	71 (55)	216 (52)	0.62
IVH (≥Grade 3), n (%)	5 (4)	15 (4)	> 0.05
NEC, n (%)	28 (21)	107 (26)	0.32
Moderate-severe BPD¥, n (%)	25 (47)	93 (49)	0.84
Treated ROP‡, n (%)	14 (13)	63 (21)	0.06
Mortality, n (%)	29 (22)	144 (35)	0.008
BPD/death, n (%)	51 (39)	226 (55)	0.002
Duration of hospitalization (d)**	59 (2–253)	62 (2–357)	0.79

BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; C/S, cesarean section; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; LOS, late-onset sepsis; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PPROM, prolonged premature rupture of membranes; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity.

^‡Infants had at least one eye examination for ROP.

^¥Infants survived at PMA 36 weeks' gestation.

^*Data given mean ± SD,

^**Data given as median (range).