Table 2.

The effect of PMG on acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress markers in hippocampus.

Treatment groups	AChE (nmol/min·mg protein)	MDA (ng/mg protein)	SOD (units/mg protein)	CAT (units/mg protein)	GSH-Px (units/mg protein)
ND+vehicle	0.18 ± 0.01	0.50 ± 0.07	16.29 ± 0.84	69.63 ± 9.55	8.85 ± 0.54
HCHF+sham+vehicle	0.20 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.04	15.45 ± 0.24	66.49 ± 10.23	8.41 ± 0.38
HCHF+MCAO+vehicle	0.35 ± 0.01aaa,bbb	3.06 ± 0.28aaa,bbb	7.31 ± 0.46aaa,bbb	46.69 ± 1.10aaa,bbb	3.96 ± 0.20aaa,bbb
HCHF+MCAO+vitamin C	0.31 ± 0.01	1.08 ± 0.12∗∗∗	9.28 ± 1.12∗∗	51.86 ± 6.13∗	4.77 ± 0.93∗
HCHF+MCAO+donepezil	0.20 ± 0.03∗∗∗	2.82 ± 0.09	7.36 ± 1.01	47.46 ± 2.77	4.27 ± 0.27
HCHF+MCAO+PMG50	0.25 ± 0.01∗∗	0.63 ± 0.07∗∗∗	12.41 ± 0.95∗∗∗	48.54 ± 13.95	6.42 ± 0.57∗∗∗
HCHF+MCAO+PMG100	0.23 ± 0.01∗∗∗	0.63 ± 0.08∗∗∗	11.32 ± 1.50∗∗∗	60.52 ± 9.76∗∗	7.29 ± 1.13∗∗∗
HCHF+MCAO+PMG200	0.20 ± 0.01∗∗∗	0.54 ± 0.04∗∗∗	14.17 ± 1.64∗∗∗	62.86 ± 5.76∗∗	6.76 ± 0.46∗∗∗

Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6/group). ^aaap value < 0.001; compared between control rats which received a normal diet and vehicle and MetS+MCAO rats which received HCHF, MCAO, and vehicle. ^bbbp value < 0.001; compared between sham rats which received HCHF, sham operation, and vehicle and MetS+MCAO rats which received HCHF, MCAO, and vehicle. ^∗p value < 0.05, ^∗∗p value < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗p value < 0.001; compared to MetS+MCAO rats which received HCHF, MCAO, and vehicle. ND: normal diet; HCHF: high-carbohydrate high-fat diet; MetS: metabolic syndrome; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; Vitamin C: vitamin C at a dose of 250 mg·kg⁻¹ BW; Donepezil: donepezil at a dose of 3 mg·kg⁻¹ BW; PMG50, PMG100, and PMG200: the phytosomes containing the combined extract of mulberry fruit and ginger at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg·kg⁻¹ BW, respectively.