Figure 4. Apoptotic signaling through membrane (lipids)-mediated spontaneous activation of Bax/Bak.
A) The intrinsic (mitochondrial-dependent) apoptotic pathway based on the membrane (lipids)-mediated spontaneous (MMS) Bax/Bak activation model. B) The intrinsic (mitochondrial-dependent) and extrinsic (death receptor-mediated) apoptotic pathways based on the MMS activation model. Apaf-1, apoptotic protease activating factor-1; Casp, caspase; Cyt c, cytochrome c; FADD, Fas associated death domain protein; MOM, mitochondrial outer membrane; SMAC, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein.