Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for the characteristics and associations with sleep disturbances of the participants.

Variables	All Participants		Participants with PSQI>7		X2	P
	n	%	n	%
Total	6437	100.00	1136	17.65
Region					1.723	0.189
Other regions	4791	74.43	828	17.28
Hubei province	1646	25.57	308	18.71
Age					34.712	<0.0001
<30	3550	55.15	556	15.66
30∼39	1040	16.16	193	18.56
40∼49	1066	16.56	197	18.48
≧50	781	12.13	190	24.33
Gender					0.008	0.928
Male	2824	43.87	497	17.60
Female	3613	56.13	639	17.69
Education level					25.611	<0.0001
Junior middle school or below	832	12.93	174	20.91
Senior middle school	941	14.62	190	20.19
Associate degree	1069	16.61	214	20.02
Bachelor degree or higher	3595	55.85	558	15.52
Marital status					17.855	<0.0001
Unmarried/divorced/separated	3927	61.01	630	16.04
Married/cohabitation	2510	38.99	506	20.16
Self-reported economic status					23.897	<0.0001
Very bad	475	7.38	107	22.53
Bad	883	13.72	193	21.86
Fair	3873	60.17	645	16.65
Good	1206	18.74	191	15.84
Self-perceived physical health					320.554	<0.0001
Good	3571	55.48	405	11.34
Fair	2535	39.38	581	22.92
Bad	331	5.14	150	45.32
Physical exercise					22.797	<0.0001
No	3020	46.92	604	20.00
1∼2 times/week	2077	32.27	335	16.13
3 times or more/week	1340	20.82	197	14.70
Perceived death of COVID-19					76.895	<0.0001
Low	5328	82.77	839	15.75
High	1109	17.23	297	26.78
Perceived difficulty of treatment					44.512	<0.0001
Easy	3606	56.02	545	15.11
Fair	1490	23.15	282	18.93
Difficult	966	15.01	224	23.19
Very difficult	375	5.83	85	22.67

Note: P values are associated with Chi-square tests.

PSQI= The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

COVID-19 = Coronavirus Disease 2019.