Figure 1.

Decreased virus spread and yield in absence of conserved oligomeric Golgi COG genes. (A) Immunostaining of COG subunit knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) cells infected with West African monkey virus (MPXV WA) for 72 h. The infected cell monolayers were stained using an anti-vaccinia virus (VACV (c7D11 antibody, followed by an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody, and developed using o-dianisidine solution; (B) Area of individual foci in KO cell lines compared to WT. A total of 40 foci from each cell type were analyzed to determine area, and the average +/− standard error of the mean (SEM) are shown. Statistical difference between WT and KO cell lines indicated with asterisks; (C) Multi-step growth curve of MPXV WA in COG KO and WT cells. Virus yields determined at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hpi by plaque assay with 2–3 replicates per condition. Plotted values represent mean +/− SEM. Statistical difference between WT and KO cells for each time point tabulated below graph. For both (B) and (C), asterisks denoting specific p values. ns = not significant, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.