Figure 3.

Cellular uptake of nanoceria-loaded polyelectrolyte microcapsules by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) after 24 h of incubation (a). Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC)-labelled microcapsules (red) were used. The actin cytoskeleton and nucleus were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated phalloidin (green) and Hoechst 33,342 (blue), respectively. The scale bar is 20 μm. The uptake efficiency of nanoceria-loaded polyelectrolyte microcapsules: addition of microcapsules to the cell suspension or to the adherent cells (b). Molecular mechanisms of microcapsules endocytosis (c). The hMSC were cultured with pretreatment by different pharmacological inhibitors: amantadine-HCl (1 mM), genistein (200 mM), amiloride-HCl (1 mM), NaN₃ (40 mM) and cytochalasin D (CytD, 10 µg/mL) for 1 h. Cell counts associated with microcapsules were taken from ten micrographs.