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. 2020 Jul 16;12(7):765. doi: 10.3390/v12070765

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The role of exosomes/EVs during DENV, ZIKV, and WNV infections. Exosomes (EXO)/EVs secreted from mosquito and vertebrate cells infected with flavivirus contain viral components to infect the naïve human, vertebrate, or mosquito cells. Abbreviations: N2a cells, mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a; MCN, primary cultures of murine cortical neurons; Mo-DCs, mouse monocyte-derived dendritic cells; THP-1, human monocytes from peripherical blood; HMEC-1, human endothelial cells; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HaCaT cells, human-skin keratinocytes.