Table 1.

Drugs used for the treatment of tuberculosis [11,12,13].

Anti-TB Therapy
First-Line Defense (Treatment for TB)	Brand	Generic	Mechanism of Action	Year of Approval
	Nydrazid	Isoniazid *	Bactericidal agent; inhibits the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase InhA upon Kat activation (important for virulence); related to mycolic acid synthesis	1952
	Rifadin, Rimactane	Rifampicin *	Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis	1971
	Myambutol	Ethambutol *	Inhibits arabinosyl transferase in bacteriostatic manner	1961
	Pyrazinamide	Pyrazinamide *	Interferes with mRNA binding Bacteriostatic/bactericidal	1972
	Streptomycin	Streptomycin sulfate *, Streptomycin nitrate	Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis	1998
Second-Line Defense (Treatment for resistant TB)	Group A (Fluoroquinolones):
	Levaquin, Quixin, Iquix	Levofloxacin	Interferes with topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase (DNA replication)	1996
	Avelox, Vigamox, Moxeza	Moxifloxacin	Inhibits topoisomerases II and IV (DNA replication)	1999
	Tequin, Zymar, Zymaxid	Gatifloxacin	Inhibits DNA topoisomerases II and IV as well as DNA gyrase (DNA replication)	1999
	Group B (Injectable Antibiotics):
	Amikin	Amikacin	Aminoglycoside active against susceptible Gram-negative pathogens and Gram-positive bacteria	1976
	Capastat sulfate	Capreomycin *	Cyclic polypeptide antimicrobial	1968
	Kanamycin A	Kanamycin	Binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit-inhibits protein synthesis)	1981
	Group C (Oral drugs):
	Trecator/Prothionamide	Ethionamide */Prothionamide	Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis	1965
	Seromycin	Cycloserine *	Inhibits cell wall synthesis	1964
	Paser	para-Aminosalicylic acid	Inhibits folic acid synthesis, inhibits cell wall synthesis	1994
	Lamprene	Clofazimine	Inhibits mycobacterium growth and binds to mycobacterial DNA	1986
Third-Line Defense (Treatment for MDR TB)	Sirturo	Bedaquiline *	Inhibits mycobacterial ATP synthase	2012
	Zyvox	Linezolid	Inhibits bacterial reproduction of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 23s ribosomal RNA of the 50s subunit	2000

* Indicates US FDA-approved treatments.