Table 2.

Natural compounds with potential for the treatment of TB tuberculosis.

Natural Compound	Source	Chemical Constituent	Activity	References
Curcuma longa	Turmeric	Curcumin	Inhibits activation of NF-κB, and caspase-3; enhances T cell- mediated immunity and prevents post therapy susceptibility to reinfection/reactivation of Mtb.	[84,85,86]
Malus domestica	Apples (peels), apple leaves	Phloretin	Inhibits release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 and reduces phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK.	[87]
Euphoria paralias	Whole plant extract	Quercetin	Inhibits glutamine synthetase and isocitrate lyase (important in nitrogen and TCA cycle, respectively).	[88,89,90,91,92]
Punica granatum	Pomegranate juice and peel	Quercetin
Glycine max	Soybeans	Genistein	Impairs B7-1 expression and nitric oxide release in MTSA-transfected macrophages.	[93]
Globularia alypum L.	Perennial flowering plant	Tannins	Activates phagocytic cells, proteasome inhibitor.	[94,95,96,97,98]
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze	Green and black tea	Epigallocatechin gallate	Downregulates TACO gene transcription, inflicts structural damage to Mycobacterial cell wall, by inhibiting InhA.	[99,100,101,102]
Rheum rhaponticum	Rhubarb	Resveratrol extracts	Increases cell apoptosis.	[103,104]
	Honeybee hives	Ethanolic extract of propolis	Decreases the size and number of Mtb colonies and increases sensitivity of mycobacteria to antibiotic therapy.	[103]
Streptomyces lactacystinaeus	Microorganism	Lactacystin	Inhibits proteasome function.	[104]
Penicillium fellutanum	Marine fungus	Lipopeptide aldehyde (Fellutamide B)	Inhibits Mtb proteasome and human proteasome β5 function.	[105]