Table 2.

Overview of the main HVC. Beneficial properties and corresponding examples of cereal byproducts in which they are present and industrial applications of byproducts with other derived technological effects.

Overview of Main HCV			Cereal Byproducts
Bioactive and Functional Compound	Beneficial Properties	Example of Case Study Demonstrating Beneficial Properties (referred to *)	Byproduct Containing the HCV	Examples of Industrial Application of Byproducts
Dietary fibers	Lowering of blood cholesterol*; improvements in large bowel function; reduction of colon tumors; attenuation of post-prandial blood glucose and insulin levels	Animal in vivo study showing a reduction of blood cholesterol levels at the concentration of 0.8 % in standard diet [25]	Wheat bran	Cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations for moisturization of skin and mucosa; fortification of bread and surimi seafood [26]
Sterols	Reduction of blood cholesterol levels*; anti-inflammatory; anti-atherogenic; antioxidant; anti-carcinogenic	Animal in vivo tests showing a reduction of hypercholesterolemia at the concentration of 2455 ± 127 mg 100g−1 of total phytosterols [27]
Lignans	Decrease of the production of reactive oxygen species; protection against hormone related breast and prostate cancer; antitumor activity in colon cancer*	In vitro studies showing antitumor activity in colon cancer cells at concentration ≤ 40 µmol L−1 [28]
Phytic acid	Antioxidant activity; anticancer activity; reduction of serum lipids and inflammatory processes; prevention of kidney stone formation*; prevention of cardiovascular diseases	Animal in vivo studies showing a reduction of renal calcifications at concentration of 1.08·10−4 mol L−1 [29]
Essential fatty acids	Antiatherosclerotic effect; antioxidant activity; reduction of blood cholesterol; tryglicerides*	Human in vivo studies showing a decrease of plasma triglycerides in patients treated with 1.0-6.0 g day−1 of Omega-3-fatty acids [30]	Wheat germ	Fortification of bread, pasta and biscuits; formulation of nutritional complex for hair loss and health [31]
Ferulic acid and phenols	Cardiometabolic protection; anti-diabetic effect; antioxidant activity anti-inflammatory activity*; anti-hypertensive effects	In vitro studies showing the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives at concentration ranging from 1.84 to 378.66 µg g−1 [32]	Rice bran	Cosmetical formulations, production of sunscreen and treatment of skin-related disorders [33]
Tocopherols	Antioxidant activity*	In vitro studies showing the antioxidant activity of tocopherol at the concentration of 22.5 ± 0.6–170.5 ± 2.0 μg g−1 dry weight [34]	Rice germ	Incorporation in infant food [35]
Anthocyanins	Colorant effect*	In vitro studies showing colorant effect at concentration between 60 and 120 mg per 100 mL syrup [36]	Corn bran	Fortification of bread, cake and muffin; biosynthesis of natural aroma [37]
β-glucans	Anti-cancer property*; immune modulating activity; anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties	Animal in vivo studies showing anti-tumor effect at both 40 µg and 400 µg dose levels [38]	Brewers´ spent grain	Pasta fortification [39]