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. 2020 Jul 10;12(7):746. doi: 10.3390/v12070746

Figure 3.

Figure 3

HBx-induced mIR-181a in HBV-HCC immune pathways: This HBx-upregulated miRNA promotes cell proliferation in the TP53 pathway by repressing cell cycle controls like E2F5 and it exerts an anti-apoptotic influence by repressing FAS/ATG5 to promote cell survival; in the P13K/MAPK this upregulated miRNA also promotes carcinogenesis by promoting MTOR signaling as a result of repressing PTEN. In the innate immune pathways, this miRNA promotes an anti-inflammotory response by repressing Ilα and C-FOS/IL-6/TNFα in monocytes and DCs respectively; in NKs this miRNA upregulates NKs by repressing NLK, which then fails to repress NOTCH induced induction of NKs; in T-cells this miRNA represses DUSP5/6/SHP2/PTPN22 to increase TCR signaling induced stimulation of T-cells; however, this upregulated miRNA also represses T-cell production by reducing CD69 expression; in early stage leukopiesis this miRNA can also promote B-cell to T-cell differentiation in favor of B-cells by repressing DUSP5/6/SHP2/PTPN22.