Table 5.
Logistic regression models of the associations between clinician-assessed functional impairment (Karnofsky Performance Status score ≤70) and patient characteristics
| Univariable | Multivariable* | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.09) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.04 to 1.09) | <0.001 |
| Sex (vs male) | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.56) | 0.371 | 1.32 (0.91 to 1.91) | 0.148 |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD quintile relative to England) (vs quintile 5: least deprived) (n=1006) | ||||
| Quintile 1 (most deprived) | 2.77 (1.55 to 4.95) | 0.003† | 2.03 (1.06 to 3.87) | 0.045† |
| Quintile 2 | 2.19 (1.39 to 3.44) | 2.05 (1.24 to 3.40) | ||
| Quintile 3 | 1.83 (1.12 to 2.98) | 2.02 (1.17 to 3.47) | ||
| Quintile 4 | 1.64 (1.03 to 2.59) | 1.65 (1.00 to 2.75) | ||
| Number of comorbidities (vs no comorbidities) | ||||
| One | 1.18 (0.44 to 3.18) | <0.001† | 0.62 (0.22 to 1.77) | <0.001† |
| Two | 3.10 (1.19 to 8.08) | 1.22 (0.44 to 3.38) | ||
| Three or more | 5.97 (2.32 to 15.35) | 2.18 (0.80 to 5.96) | ||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (n=1007) | ||||
| 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.186 | |
| uACR (KDIGO categories) (vs category A1, <3 mg/mmol) (n=1007) | ||||
| A2 (3–29 mg/mmol) | 1.92 (1.37 to 2.70) | 0.002† | 1.92 (1.29 to 2.87) | 0.005† |
| A3 (≥30 mg/mmol) | 1.96 (1.05 to 3.66) | 1.74 (0.82 to 3.68) | ||
| Educational attainment (vs first or higher degree or NVQ 4–5) (n=1007) | ||||
| No formal qualifications | 2.77 (1.81 to 4.26) | <0.001† | 2.08 (1.26 to 3.41) | <0.001† |
| GCSE, A level or NVQ 1–3 | 1.07 (0.65 to 1.77) | 0.99 (0.56 to 1.75) | ||
| BMI (vs <25 kg/m2) | ||||
| Overweight (BMI 25–29.99 kg/m2) | 1.54 (0.94 to 2.53) | <0.001† | 1.59 (0.93 to 2.73) | <0.001† |
| Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 3.76 (2.34 to 6.04) | 4.23 (2.48 to 7.20) | ||
| Smoking status (vs never smoked) | ||||
| Current smoker | 1.37 (0.70 to 2.71) | 0.563† | – | – |
| Ex-smoker | 0.95 (0.70 to 1.28) | – | ||
N=1008 in univariable models unless otherwise stated; N=1004 for final multivariable logistic regression model.
*Adjusted for age, sex, deprivation level, number of comorbidities, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 5-year follow-up, albumin–creatinine ratio, educational attainment and body mass index (BMI).
†P value for trend.
GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; KDIGO, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; A level, advanced level; NVQ, National Vocational Qualifications; uACR, urine albumin–creatinine ratio.