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. 2020 Jul 31;11:1923. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01923

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

The models for the associations between HLE, emergent literacy skills, and later literacy outcomes in each orthography (standard solution): (A) English; (B) Dutch; (C) German; and (D) Greek. WRF, word reading fluency; T1, Time 1; T2, Time 3; T1, Time 3; T4, Time 4. p < 0.10, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.