Table 6.
Accuracy rates for knowledge questions according to profession
| N = 225 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subscales | Item | Nurses | Care workers | Differences | p value | ||
| N | % Accuracy | n | % Accuracy | ||||
| Nail 1 | Cutting a toenail shorter than the tip of the toe may cause a curly nail, and/or an ingrown nail. | 58 | 96.7 | 125 | 75.8 | 20.9 | 0.000** |
| Nail 2 | A toenail can be cut easier after soaking nails in warm water for 5–10 min. | 57 | 95.0 | 148 | 89.7 | 5.3 | 0.216 |
| Nail 3 | Toenails protect the end of the foot and support body weight when walking. | 55 | 91.7 | 120 | 72.7 | 19 | 0.003** |
| Nail 4 | When a nail is yellowed and rough, a fungal infection is the suspected cause. | 55 | 91.7 | 146 | 88.5 | 3.2 | 0.494 |
| Nail 5 | The color of the nail can be used as barometer of general health. | 57 | 95.0 | 154 | 93.3 | 1.7 | 0.647 |
| Skin 1 | Moisturizer should be applied immediately after taking a bath. | 50 | 83.3 | 129 | 78.2 | 5.1 | 0.397 |
| Skin 2 | Corns and calluses have the same meaning. | 45 | 75.0 | 103 | 62.4 | 12.6 | 0.079 |
| Skin 3 | Repeated friction and stimulation cause the keratin in the sole of the foot to become thicker. | 49 | 81.7 | 118 | 71.5 | 10.2 | 0.124 |
| Skin 4 | Skin tear on an older person’s upper arms or elbow joints are often produced when a caregiver adds extra pressure when assisting movement. | 38 | 63.3 | 66 | 40.0 | 23.3 | 0.002** |
| Skin 5 | Skin tear on lower limbs often occurs by coming into contact with appliances such as footrests. | 52 | 86.7 | 101 | 61.2 | 25.5 | 0.000*** |
| Skin 6 | Because there are no sebaceous glands on the soles, oil is unavailable, and the sole becomes dry easily. | 38 | 63.3 | 95 | 57.6 | 5.7 | 0.437 |
| Vascular and Neurologic 1 | If the client suffers from severe diabetes, foot sensitivity is reduced and pain may not be noticed even though he/she was injured. | 60 | 100.0 | 143 | 86.7 | 13.3 | 0.003** |
| Vascular and Neurologic 2 | When only one foot only suddenly becomes cold, blood vessels may be blocked by blood clots. | 58 | 96.7 | 103 | 62.4 | 34.3 | 0.000*** |
| Vascular and Neurologic 3 | Small wounds on an older person may develop into an ulcer if left without treatment. | 58 | 96.7 | 134 | 81.2 | 15.5 | 0.004** |
| Vascular and Neurologic 4 | Signs of infection are flares (reddish tinge), swelling, pain and a feeling of heat. | 56 | 93.3 | 134 | 81.2 | 12.1 | 0.027* |
| Vascular and Neurologic5 | Even though pain is felt on one foot after a period of walking, it will go away after rest. Consequently, there is no need to worry. | 52 | 86.7 | 144 | 87.3 | −0.6 | 0.905 |
| Toe and Arch 1 | There is no relationship between foot or toenail deformation, and pain in the waist or neck. | 51 | 85.0 | 121 | 73.8 | 11.2 | 0.078 |
| Toe and Arch 2 | When one of the three arches on the foot collapses, various problems occur. | 52 | 86.7 | 112 | 67.9 | 18.8 | 0.005** |
| Toe and Arch 3 | A stiff ankle is more likely to make a person stumble or fall. | 59 | 98.3 | 137 | 83.0 | 15.3 | 0.002** |
| Toe and Arch 4 | Toe deformity influences the muscular strength of lower limbs. | 58 | 96.7 | 152 | 92.1 | 4.6 | 0.227 |
| Toe and Arch 5 | Toe flexor exercise increases the calf muscle pump function of lower limbs. | 60 | 100.0 | 128 | 78.0 | 22.0 | 0.000*** |
| Infection 1 | Fungal bacteria can be removed from the nail clippers using alcohol. | 43 | 71.7 | 126 | 76.4 | −4.7 | 0.471 |
| Infection 2 | When medical appliances are shared among clients without sufficient sterilization, infection spreads. | 59 | 98.3 | 155 | 93.9 | 4.4 | 0.176 |
| Infection 3 | The bucket used for foot baths is cleaned only by rinsing with hot water. | 45 | 75.0 | 126 | 76.4 | −1.4 | 0.832 |
| Shoes and Socks 1 | The client’s shoes have approximately 1–1.5cms space, measured from the longest toe, and allow the toes to move freely. | 34 | 56.7 | 83 | 50.3 | 6.4 | 0.398 |
| Shoes and Socks 2 | Corns and calluses are not influenced by the type of socks worn. | 31 | 51.7 | 97 | 58.8 | −7.1 | 0.340 |
| Shoes and Socks 3 | Shoe sizes are not absolute and vary by a maker. | 53 | 88.3 | 142 | 86.1 | 2.2 | 0.657 |
| Shoes and Socks 4 | Shoes with a well-fixed heel prevent foot slippage. | 29 | 48.3 | 98 | 59.4 | −11.1 | 0.139 |
| Sedentary Behavior 1 | Walking for 1 h a day is enough to compensate for long sedentary periods. | 54 | 90.0 | 146 | 88.5 | 1.5 | 0.749 |
| Sedentary Behavior 2 | Falls that happen when an older person moves from sitting to standing can be prevented by planning from the care worker. | 44 | 73.3 | 117 | 70.9 | 2.4 | 0.722 |
Chi-square test *p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
*** p < 0.001
Among the 232 participants, 225 (96%) answered all questions regarding knowledge
Answer: yes = 1, no = 2, I do not know = 3