Table 1.

General characteristics of studied household heads (n = 1388).

Variable	Subgroup	Whole sample
		N	%
Total		1388	100.0
Age group	>54	557	40.1
	36-54	514	37.0
	⩽35	317	22.8
Sex	Female	269	19.4
	Male	1119	80.6
Education	High school and above	226	16.3
	Primary level	340	24.5
	Secondary level	362	26.1
	Illiteracy	460	33.1
Marital status	Married and live with spouse	1204	86.7
	Others	184	13.3
Speak Kinh language	Yes	1319	95.0
	No	69	5.0
Religion	Yes	350	25.2
	No	1038	74.8
Number of family members	<5	465	33.5
	5-6	647	46.6
	>6	276	19.9
Employment status	Unemployed	232	16.7
	Employed	1156	83.3
Wealth quintiles	Not poor	966	69.6
	Near poor	163	11.7
	Poor	259	18.7
Ecological region	Mekong Delta	198	14.3
	North Central and Central Coast	508	36.6
	Central Highland	168	12.1
	Northern midland and mountains	514	37.0
Locality	Especially difficult areas	252	18.2
	Other	1136	81.8