Figure 2.

Potential immune monitoring application for tolerance in liver transplantation. This figure summarizes the readouts being investigated for their potential use for immune monitoring to understand what is happening in the allograft and predict tolerance. Histological assessment is a direct readout of allografts, but it is not enough to predict tolerance. Systemic information from peripheral blood has been investigated as an alternative because of its less invasive availability. The readouts were categorized into four groups based on their level of information, tissue, cell, protein, and gene. MLR, mixed lymphocyte reaction; GWAS, genome-wide association study; CGA, candidate gene approach.