Table 3.

Causes of acquired choreas.

Etiology	Disease
Pharmacological	Acute drug-induced, Tardive chorea, Alcohol, Other toxins
Vascular	Stroke, Subdural or Extradural Hematomas, Small vessel disease
Hematological	Polycythemia vera, Essential thrombocythemia, Transitional myeloproliferative disease
Autoimmune	SLE, APS, NMDAR encephalitis, Behcet’s disease, Sjögren syndrome, Celiac disease, IgLON5, D2R, GABAaR, and Neurexin-3 alpha
Endocrine/Metabolic	Hyperthyroidism, Hypocalcemia, Hyper/Hyponatremia, Hyperglycemia, Hypomagnesemia, Uremia, Non-wilsonian hepatolenticular degeneration, Kernicterus
Nutritional	Vitamin B12 and B1 deficiency
Demyelinating disorders	Multiple Sclerosis, ADEM, Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis
Neoplastic	Primary or Secondary
Paraneoplastic	Anti-CRMP5, Anti-Hu, Anti-Ma, Anti-P/Q and N-type V-G calcium channel, Anti-NMDAR, Anti-LGI1, Anti-Caspr2
Infectious/Parainfectious	Sydenham’s chorea, Bacterial, Viral, Spirochetal
Brain hypoxia	Cardiac arrest, Respiratory insufficiency, Anesthetic complication, Hypothermia, CO Poisoning, Post pump chorea
Other	Mastocytosis, Chorea gravidarum, Cerebral palsy

SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; APS: anti-phospholipid syndrome; NMDAR: anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor; ADEM: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.