Table 2.

Changes in psychosocial distress and health-related quality of life (mean ± standard deviation) from baseline (T1) to postintervention (T2) and baseline to follow-up (T3)

T1	T2	T3	Baseline to postintervention			Baseline to follow-up
Variable	(N = 46)	(N = 38)	(N = 36)	Δ a	95% CI	Cohen’s d	Δ a	95% CI	Cohen’s d
Psychosocial distress
Perceived stress	12.2 ± 6.7	10.0 ± 6.3	11.4 ± 7.2	−1.5	−2.8, −0.3	.39	−0.8	−2.5, 1.0	.14
Depressive symptoms	10.8 ± 8.8	7.7 ± 7.9	9.9 ± 10.8	−2.2	−3.5, −1.1	.58	−0.8	−3.6, 1.9	.10
Anxiety	7.7 ± 7.8	6.3 ± 6.6	7.5 ± 7.8	0.2	−1.5, 2.0	.04	1.4	−0.7, 3.5	.21
Positive affect	32.9 ± 9.0	33.6 ± 9.8	34.1 ± 8.8	0.6	−1.2, 2.3	.11	0.5	−1.1, 2.1	.10
Negative affect	16.7 ± 6.2	14.1 ± 5.4	15.9 ± 6.1	−1.4	−2.4, −0.3	.40	−0.2	−1.6, 1.2	.04
Health-related quality of life
Physical functioning	84.4 ± 16.7	87.6 ± 13.1	83.7 ± 17.0	3.5	−0.7, 8.1	.26	0.0	−3.9, 3.6	.00
Role limitations—physical	83.7 ± 30.4	87.2 ± 29.8	85.4 ± 30.1	2.8	−8.3, 13.2	.08	2.1	−7.1, 11.4	.07
Role limitations—emotional	69.6 ± 35.7	77.5 ± 37.7	75.5 ± 39.7	7.4	−4.6, 19.4	.20	6.2	−7.1, 20.0	.15
Energy/fatigue	52.3 ± 19.8	58.0 ± 19.4	54.6 ± 20.5	3.9	0.3, 7.6	.33	1.8	−3.1, 6.6	.12
Emotional well-being	73.7 ± 15.0	80.4 ± 13.1	77.2 ± 19.0	5.7	2.6, 8.8	.59	2.9	−1.1, 7.0	.23
Social functioning	79.6 ± 23.6	86.8 ± 18.4	83.7 ± 22.7	5.9	1.7, 10.1	.45	3.9	−1.8, 9.6	.23
Pain	80.5 ± 17.6	77.4 ± 19.9	77.3 ± 21.9	−2.4	−7.5, 2.6	.15	−3.6	−8.1, 0.9	.27
General health	66.5 ± 17.8	68.9 ± 18.9	67.2 ± 18.1	0.1	−4.6, 5.0	.01	0.0	−4.3, 4.1	.00

CI confidence interval.

^aSample size for mean differences (Δ) varies by time point and is calculated using participants with complete data at T1 and T2 or T1 and T3 only.