Table 1.

Referral pathways, strategies, sites, and techniques

Pathway		Direct to consumer			Provider referral		Other
Strategy	Digital	Registry	Print	Clinic	EHRa	Recommend	Other	Campus buzzb
Sites where delivered	Facebook [UAMS] Websites	[UAMS] Research Volunteer Registryc	[UAMS] Campus	[UAMS] Clinicsd	[UAMS] Clinicsd	[UAMS] Clinicsd	[UAMS] Campus	[UAMS] Campus
Techniques	Social media marketing	Email to individuals interested in mental health research	Flyers	Email to patients with at least 1 primary care visit in last 12 mo	Best practice alert and mental health order set following PHQ-9 screening	Provider recommendation to patient	Word of mouth†	Presentations at two digital health events at [UAMS]
	Two online articles		Articles in [UAMS] newsletters	Flyers and brochures in clinic rooms	Email through EHR in-basket		Self-referral to recruitment website	Other (miscellaneous campus buzz)

EHR, electronic health record; [UAMS], [University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences].

^aDue to the complexity of building this technological feature, the EHR order and best practice alert were not released as a recruitment strategy until October 1, 2018 (2.5 mo into study enrollment).

^bWord of mouth was coded separately from campus buzz when a person indicated that they heard about the study from a specific, named individual. Campus buzz referred to instances when a person indicated that they heard about the study through various discussions on campus that may not have been intended to recruit participants (e.g., presentations to [UAMS] providers).

^cThe [UAMS] Research Volunteer Registry is supported by the university’s CTSA-funded Translational Research Institute.

^d[UAMS] clinics include the on-site primary care clinic, affiliated satellite primary care clinics, and internal medicine clinics.