Fig. 1.

Bar graphs comparing particle emission rates from laser printing, tobacco smoking, and incense burning. Data were compiled from published studies with citations given below data bars. For laser printing, studies 1–3 used monochrome printing with a toner coverage of 5%, while studies 4 and 5 additionally used color printing with a toner coverage of 20%. All data were obtained by chamber experiments except study 6 which reported data from field measurements. Emission rates from laser printing differed widely, partly because of differences in emission levels by different laser printers. It is also evident that particles emitted by laser printers could reach comparable rates to those generated by indoor incense burning and tobacco smoking