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. 2020 Aug 6;10:13255. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69899-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of SFRP1-associated genes by microarray of primary culture cells. (A) Primary culture cells of ampullary adenocarcinoma was analysed by oligochip microarray. Most WNT-associated genes were downregulated in these cells. Upregulation of SFRP1 and oncogenes, CCND1 and WNT5A, were detected. (B) ClueGo and CluePedia were used to create the network with gene GO terms. SFRP1 was shown in the centre (red), and the other genes were located in the inner track of concentric circles (dark red). Downstream genes were placed in the middle track (blue), and the phenotypes were placed in the outer two rings. The first inner ring included PTCH1, JAG2, LRP5, CCND1, EGFR and WNT5A. Interaction between SFRP1 and the first-ring genes was deduced to genes in the middle circle (blue). The correlated phenotypes were presented in the outer two circles. The node size reflected the enrichment of genes in each of the GO terms. The connecting lines showed the correlation between genes and/or pathways. N01, primary culture cells from normal duodenum. AC01, primary culture cells from well-differentiated ampullary adenocarcinoma, T1N0, stage IA. AC02, primary culture cells from moderately-differentiated ampullary adenocarcinoma, T2N1, stage IIB. APC, adenomatosis polyposis coli; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; BOC, BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated; CCND1, cyclin D1; CDH1, cadherin 1; CRYAB, crystallin alpha B; CTNNB1, catenin beta 1; CX3CL1, C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ESC, embryonic stem cell; FOXC1, forkhead box C1; FZD7, frizzled class receptor 7; IL33, interleukin 33; IL34, interleukin 34; JAG2, jagged canonical notch ligand 2; KIT, KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase; LRP5, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; PTCH1, protein patched 1; SERPINB5, serpin family b member 5; SFRP1, secreted frizzled related protein 1; SOSTDC1, sclerostin domain containing 1; WNT1, Wnt family member 1; WNT5A, WNT family member 5A.