Table 4.
Improvement in parameters compared with baseline in the motion sensor–assisted rehabilitation group.
| Parameters | Baseline | 1 month | P value | 2 months | P value | 3 months | P value | MCIDa | |
| Abduction (°), mean (SD) |
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Active | 122.4 (15.7) | 148.1 (17.5) | .04 | 154.1 (11.9) | .02 | 156.7 (9.9) | .02 | 5.99 |
| Passive | 126.9 (16.9) | 152.9 (17.1) | .03 | 157.6 (10.7) | .02 | 161.6 (10.3) | .02 | 4.63 | |
| Flexion (°), mean (SD) |
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Active | 138.4 (14.4) | 149.1 (11.4) | .02 | 151.0 (5.4) | .04 | 159.6 (8.5) | .02 | 6.78 |
| Passive | 146.4 (15.7) | 162.0 (11.9) | .02 | 164.7 (5.6) | .03 | 170.1 (8.1) | .02 | 7.14 | |
| Extension (°), mean (SD) |
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Active | 56.4 (12.6) | 62.7 (12.6) | .06 | 65.9 (10.8) | .03 | 73.6 (11.9) | .03 | 11.15 |
| Passive | 63.9 (11.0) | 69.3 (12.2) | .11 | 78.1 (11.4) | .03 | 84.3 (6.4) | .02 | 11.36 | |
| External rotation (°), mean (SD) |
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Active | 52.4 (11.6) | 66.4 (15.4) | .02 | 64.7 (14.8) | .02 | 64.6 (18.8) | .04 | 5.88 |
| Passive | 61.7 (14.0) | 67.6 (18.6) | .20 | 71.9 (15.2) | .03 | 76.7 (15.1) | .02 | 4.44 | |
| Internal rotation (level)b, mean (SD) |
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Active | 1c, 5d, 1e | 1f, 4c, 2d | .01 | 3f, 2c, 2d | .04 | 3f, 2c, 2d | .04 | —g |
| Passive | 1f, 3c, 3d | 2f, 4c, 1d | .08 | 3f, 4c | .06 | 3f, 4c | .06 | —g | |
| VASh score, mean (SD) | 5.3 (1.3) | 4.1 (1.1) | .12 | 2.7 (1.6) | .03 | 2.0 (0.6)+ | .02 | —g | |
| qDASHi score, mean (SD) | 30.6 (18.1) | 15.5 (7.5) | .03 | 11.4 (9.5) | .02 | 9.8 (12.4) | .02 | —g | |
aMCID: minimal clinically important difference. Computed using a distribution-based method using the standard error of measurement (SEM). SEM = SD of the baseline measurements * √1-reliability, where the reliability used was retrieved from the intraclass correlation coefficient, and MCID = SEM * 1.96 * √2.
bInternal rotation level.
cT12 vertebra.
dWaist (L3).
eLumbosacral junction.
fInterscapular (T7).
gNot applicable.
hVAS: visual analogue scale.
iqDASH: Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire.