Table 5.
Improvement in parameters compared with baseline and with time in the home-based exercise group.
| Parameters | Baseline | 1 month | P value | 2 months | P value | 3 months | P value | MCIDa | |
| Abduction (°), mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active | 113.1 (20.3) | 115.9 (26.4) | .35 | 127.9 (21.6) | .04 | 134.3 (21.8) | .051 | 5.99 |
| Passive | 131.6 (17.1) | 133.9 (15.9) | .40 | 135.3 (15.6) | .18 | 142.7 (18.2) | .13 | 4.63 | |
| Flexion (°), mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active | 127.9 (11.0) | 132.3 (15.1) | .13 | 138.0 (13.7) | .03 | 140.0 (11.2) | .03 | 6.78 |
| Passive | 146.7 (7.3) | 148.6 (9.5) | .35 | 152.7 (8.3) | .07 | 154.3 (8.1) | .13 | 7.14 | |
| Extension (°), mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active | 54.1 (5.0) | 55.7 (6.9) | .50 | 58.3 (4.6) | .26 | 56.0 (5.9) | .35 | 11.15 |
| Passive | 63.1 (6.6) | 63.3 (8.0) | .93 | 65.9 (6.4) | .50 | 68.3 (6.3) | .27 | 11.36 | |
| External rotation (°), mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
Active | 49.0 (9.7) | 50.9 (8.7) | .46 | 51.1 (8.4) | .45 | 53.1 (12.9) | .13 | 5.88 |
| Passive | 58.0 (11.9) | 58.7 (10.2) | .67 | 59.1 (10.2) | .40 | 60.9 (11.5) | .13 | 4.44 | |
| Internal rotation (level)b, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
Active | 1c, 2d, 4e | 1c, 2d, 3e,1d | .56 | 1c, 2d, 4e | >.99 | 1c, 2d, 3e, 1f | .56 | —g |
| Passive | 1c, 4d, 2e | 1c, 3d, 3e | .56 | 2c, 3d, 2e | .66 | 3c, 2d, 2e | .41 | —g | |
| VASh score, mean (SD) | 6.1 (1.8) | 5.6 (1.7) | .46 | 4.1 (1.1) | .04 | 3.3 (1.1) | .02 | —g | |
| qDASHi score, mean (SD) | 23.3 (7.2) | 24.4 (18.7) | .80 | 19.8 (12.1) | .35 | 19.1 (13.7) | .25 | —g | |
aMCID: minimal clinically important difference. Computed using a distribution-based method using the standard error of measurement (SEM). SEM = SD of the baseline measurements * √1-reliability, where the reliability used was retrieved from the intraclass correlation coefficient, and MCID = SEM * 1.96 * √2.
bInternal rotation level.
cInterscapular (T7).
dT12 vertebra.
eWaist (L3).
fLumbosacral junction.
gNot applicable.
hVAS: visual analogue scale.
iqDASH: Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire.