Table 4. Unadjusted and adjusted total and daily hospital charges of hospitalizations for serious infections with and without opioid use disorder.
| Disposition | Hospital charges in US dollars, mean (SE) | Unadjusted difference in US dollars, mean (SE) | Adjusted difference in US dollars, mean (SE) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opioid use disorder (N = 7,610) | No opioid use disorder (N = 87,739) | |||||||||||
| Total | Per day | Total | Per day | Total charges | p-Value | Per day charges | p-Value | Total charges | p-Value | Per day charges | p-Value | |
| All dispositions | 98,207.00 (3,707.52) |
8,963.06 (223.24) |
74,258.00 (1,282.46) |
9,979.23 (120.08) |
23,948.69 (2,902.83) |
<0.001 | −1,016.17 (175.26) |
<0.001 | 2,189.04 (3,231.93) |
0.5 | −1,637.77 (186.50) |
<0.001 |
| Home | ||||||||||||
| All | 100,540.00 (5,665.75) |
7,989.47 (242.22) |
62,973.00 (1,239.34) |
9,934.25 (138.03) |
37,566.83 (4,056.03) |
<0.001 | −1,944.78 (202.97) |
<0.001 | 16,387.49 (3,867.36) |
<0.001 | −2,093.54 (229.06) |
<0.001 |
| Without services | 101,429.00 (6,748.22) |
7,482.96 (260.13) |
56,931.00 (1,407.04) |
9,797.00 (147.55) |
44,498.16 (4,930.52) |
<0.001 | −2,314.04 (229.50) |
<0.001 | 15,862.31 (4,744.60) |
0.001 | −2,136.02 (254.36) |
<0.001 |
| With services | 97,683.00 (9,435.41) |
9,613.47 (548.32) |
70,686.00 (1,766.37) |
10,108.00 (186.38) |
26,996.94 (6,460.27) |
<0.001 | −494.94 (425.83) |
0.25 | 19,190.07 (6,574.57) |
0.004 | −919.02 (460.03) |
0.05 |
| Post-acute care facility | 123,936.00 (6,537.31) |
9,199.30 (363.76) |
99,510.00 (2,320.32) |
9,685.69 (146.20) |
24,425.09 (5,756.65) |
<0.001 | −486.39 (317.10) |
0.13 | −15,318.36 (7,911.10) |
0.05 | −1,358.36 (349.11) |
<0.001 |
| Transferred to another acute care facility | 85,273.00 (11,299.00) |
12,705.00 (1089.60) |
57,785.00 (3,810.10) |
10,975.00 (430.70) |
27,487.48 (9,915.20) |
0.006 | 1,730.06 (776.35) |
0.03 | 13,460.67 (12,162.26) |
0.27 | −184.62 (922.69) |
0.84 |
| Patient-directed discharge | 55,765.00 (4,242.05) |
9,113.05 (455.69) |
45,234.00 (2,957.42) |
10,804.00 (482.19) |
10,530.91 (4,786.69) |
0.03 | −1,691.26 (537.23) |
0.002 | 9,712.80 (4,720.28) |
0.04 | −1,976.90 (830.41) |
0.02 |
| Died | 202,731.00 (62,245.00) |
21,382.00 (3,791.22) |
198,936.00 (20,763.00) |
14,902.00 (1,202.36) |
3,794.65 (64,631.48) |
0.95 | 6,480.22 (3,558.51) |
0.07 | −96,882.69 (77,906.76) |
0.21 | 431.90 (3,931.55) |
0.91 |
Charges represent the hospital billing for the hospital stay. Charges per hospitalization day were calculated by dividing total charges by length of stay. Adjusted mean charges, standard errors, and p-values were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, primary payer, median household income, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, infection type, hospital size, hospital type, hospital region, elective versus non-elective admission, weekday versus weekend admission, and the number of major operating room procedures. Patient-directed discharge is coded as “against medical advice.”
SE, standard error.