Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and effect sizes (Cohen’s d z’) for abstinence effects on all biochemical, Subjective, and cognitive measures, presented separately for Visit Pairs 1 and 2, as well as effect sizes for the aggregate of Visit Pairs 1 and 2.
| Visit Pair 1 |
Visit Pair 2 |
Aggregate |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent Variable | Smoking | Abstinent | ES | Smoking | Abstinent | ES | ES |
| Biochemical Measure | |||||||
| Expired-air CO (ppm) | 25.8 (12.3) | 6.9 (2.9) | 1.73** | 22.9 (9.7) | 8.3 (3.7) | 1.85** | 1.94** |
| Subjective Measures | |||||||
| Craving | |||||||
| QSU-B Factor 1 | 18.6 (8.2) | 24.6 (8.4) | .61** | 14.9 (8.0) | 21.6 (9.2) | .80** | .83** |
| QSU-B Factor 2 | 11.1 (6.5) | 15.6 (7.5) | .63** | 10.5 (6.4) | 13.8 (6.8) | .53** | .70** |
| Withdrawal | |||||||
| MNWS | 5.0 (6.7) | 7.1 (6.3) | .35 | 4.7 (6.5) | 5.6 (6.0) | .18 | .16 |
| Cognitive Measures | |||||||
| Sustained Attention | |||||||
| CPT Hits (%) | 85.3 (12.1) | 83.1 (14.2) | .20 | 87.3 (13.3) | 83.0 (12.0) | .30 | .32* |
| RT DevMedian (ms) | 18.2 (18.4) | 25.1 (22.4) | .43* | 20.4 (22.1) | 36.1 (36.8) | .50** | .58** |
| Inhibitory Control | |||||||
| Stop Task SSRT (ms) | 205.3 (75.8) | 232.3 (91.1) | .43* | 188.3 (64.9) | 224.0 (105.6) | .45* | .66** |
| CPT False Alarms (%) | 5.9 (13.1) | 5.7 (13.3) | .12 | 3.4 (5.1) | 3.3 (4.9) | .07 | .12 |
| Working Memory | |||||||
| Forward Span (trials) | 11.6 (3.7) | 11.9 (4.2) | −.07 | 11.9 (3.4) | 12.2 (3.6) | −.17 | −.16 |
| Backward Span (trials) | 10.4 (3.0) | 10.3 (3.7) | .04 | 10.8 (3.7) | 11.2 (3.4) | −.18 | −.07 |
| n-back Matches (%) | 85.9 (11.5) | 83.7 (12.7) | .24 | 85.5 (14.9) | 82.6 (12.8) | .24 | .51** |
| Cognition Composite (z) | .05 (.65) | −.08 (.71) | .54** | .14 (.65) | −.06 (.75) | .50** | .67** |
Note. Values represent mean (standard deviation), except for effect sizes (ESs), which are calculated as Cohen’s dz’ (Mdiff / SDdiff; see Cohen, 1989, p. 52);
*
p≤05
**
p≤.01.