. 2020 Aug 7;15(8):e0236638. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236638

Table 1. The coefficients of the soil texture (Sandy vs others), animal (Cattle vs. sheep), grazing period (Period), precipitation (Prcp), temperature (Temp), and sampling year (Year) in the 21 mixed models for the 0–10 and 10–30 cm depths.

The complete covariate coefficients are presented in S2 Table.

Effect sizes	Sandy vs Others^a	Cattle vs Sheep	Period (1/100)	Prcp (1/10000)	Temp (1/100)	Year (1/100)
	0–10 cm depth
BD	-0.019^*	-0.004	0.043	0.160	-0.069	0.044
SOC	-14.45	65.83^*	-125.4^*	52.10	-4.694	-18.20
TN	-0.015	5.567^*	-6.699	76.98^*	-13.57	44.14
C:N	-0.183	0.237	-0.385	0.390	-1.105	-3.544
pH	-0.002	-0.013	0.030	0.033	-0.020	0.054
P	0.037	0.111	-0.439	3.990^*	-2.614^*	-0.759
WC	0.021	0.069	-0.472^*	0.150	0.296	-0.553
NH₄⁺	-0.138	0.236	0.184	2.360	2.963^*	-0.553
NO₃^-	-0.141^*	-0.106	0.158	1.190	0.312	0.554
K	2.156^*	2.266^*	-0.435	22.94	-2.698	6.288
PR	0.031	-0.781^*	0.982	6.520^*	-4.222^*	-4.955
EC	-3.177	1.855	-10.60	4.140	31.00^*	37.53
CEC	0.065	-	-0.450	2.170	2.126^*	-1.134
MBC	0.046	0.026	0.272	-1.900	1.531	1.251
MBN	0.346	-0.202	1.705	1.840	0.534	0.047
	10–30 cm depth
BD	-0.011	0.031^*	-0.080^*	-0.200	0.050	0.069
SOC	-0.114	1.454	-6.916	116.5^*	-9.453	2.203
TN	1.884	1.759	17.56	75.97	40.74	1.892
C:N	0.087	-0.241	0.163	2.120	-3.030	-3.429
pH	-0.002	-0.047	0.035	0.034	-0.114	-0.297
P	0.753^*	0.106	2.428^*	-0.100	-0.881	-5.504

^aOthers include silty and clayey soils.

*indicates that the independent variables as covariates significantly impacted the effect size of soil property in the mixed model (P<0.10). However, the coefficients of the independent variables cannot be used to interpret how many percentages they can increase or reduce the effect sizes of soil properties because the dependent variables (i.e., effect sizes of soil properties) were transformed using different algorithms based on the Box-Cox method when building these models.