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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2020 May 25;184(2):414–427. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31785

TABLE 3.

Early childhood intervention services

Infant and toddler group
Total
(n = 52)a
(n = 105)b
(n = 23)c
Trisomy
(n = 48)a
(n = 90)b
(n = 21)c
Tetra/pentasomy
(n = 4)a
(n = 15)b
(n = 2)c
p-value
Received multidisciplinary EI evaluationa 33 (63.5%) 30 (62.5%) 3 (75%) .372
Receiving or received any early intervention therapyb 62 (59%) 49 (54.4%) 13 (86.7%) .033
 >1 therapy 41 (39%) 31 (34.4%) 10 (66.7%) .025
 Speech therapy 46 (43.8%) 34 (37.8%) 12 (80%) .009
 Physical therapy 35 (33.3%) 26 (28.9%) 9 (60%) .047
 Occupational therapy 28 (26.7%) 21 (23.3%) 7 (46.7%) .082
 Early developmental stimulation/special education 23 (21.9%) 18 (20%) 5 (33.3%) .367
Minutes per week of EI therapiesc .621d
 <30 6 (26.1%) 6 (28.6%) 0 (0%)
 30–60 16 (69.6%) 14 (66.7) 2 (100%)
 >60 1 (4.3%) 1 (4.8%) 0 (0%)
Any private therapya 11 (21.2%) 8 (16.7%) 3 (75%) .042
 >1 private therapy 5 (9.6%) 2 (4.2%) 3 (75%) .007
 Speech therapy 6 (11.5%) 3 (6.3%) 3 (75%) .007
 Occupational therapy 5 (9.6%) 2 (4.2%) 3 (75%) .013
 Physical therapy 9 (17.3%) 6 (12.5%) 3 (75%) .025
 Behavior therapy 1 (1.9%) 1 (2.1%) 0 (0%) na
 None 41 (78.8%) 40 (83.3%) 1 (25%) .042
Preschool group
Total (n = 53) Trisomy (n = 42) Tetra/pentasomy (n = 11) p-value
Received ECSE evaluation 40 (75.5%) 29 (69%) 11 (100%) .047d
Receiving any ECSE services 31 (58.5%) 20 (47.5%) 11 (100%) .001d
 >1 ECSE service 24 (45.3%) 15 (35.7%) 9 (81.8%) .027
 Speech therapy 24 (45.3%) 17 (40.5%) 7 (63.6%) .297
 Physical therapy 14 (26.4%) 6 (14.3%) 8 (72.7%) .001
 Occupational therapy 12 (22.6%) 5 (11.9%) 7 (63.6%) .002
 Preschool/academics 20 (37.7%) 11 (26.2%) 9 (45%) .006
 Social skills support 10 (18.9%) 5 (11.9%) 5 (45.5%) .046
Minutes per week of ECSE servicese .295d
 <30 2 (6.5%) 2 (10%) 0 (0%)
 30–60 13 (41.9%) 9 (45%) 4 (36.4%)
 60–120 7 (22.6%) 5 (25%) 2 (18.2%)
 >120 9 (29%) 4 (20%) 5 (45.5%)
Receive services in a preschool setting 28 18 10 .854
 Inclusive preschool class 22 (78.6%) 14 (77.8%) 8 (80%)
 Self-contained preschool class 6 (21.4%) 4 (22.2%) 2 (20%)
Private preschool 33 (62.3%) 28 (66.7%) 5 (45.5%) .318
Any private therapy 23 (43.3%) 15 (35.7%) 8 (72.7%) .030
 >1 private therapy 14 (26.4%) 6 (14.3%) 8 (72.7%) .001
 Speech therapy 21 (39.6%) 13 (31%) 8 (72.7%) .011
 Occupational therapy 14 (26.4%) 6 (14.3%) 8 (72.7) .001
 Physical therapy 9 (17%) 5 (11.9%) 4 (36.4%) .103
 Behavior therapy 6 (11.3%) 2 (4.8%) 4 (36.4%) .019
 None 30 (56.6%) 27 (64.3%) 3 (27.3%) .030
a

Data on multidisciplinary EI evaluations and private infant and toddler therapies are only available for those currently in infant and toddler group (n = 52).

b

Respondents with children in the Preschool group (n = 53) were asked to provide a retrospective account for some EI questions, and were added to the infant and toddler group (n = 52) for a total n = 105.

c

This question was only asked to participants with children currently in the infant and toddler age group who are receiving EI therapies (n = 23) in order to ensure more accurate data collection without the potential limitations of imprecise recollection of services delivery minutes from 2 years prior.

d

Unable to adjust for parent education due to sample size.

e

This question was only asked to participants with children currently receiving ECSE therapies (n = 31).