Table 3.
Differences in female sex enrollment in main clinical trials evaluating the pharmacological therapies for chronic heart failure (CHF)
| Study | Drug | Mean LVEF (%) | Number of women | Total pts. enrolled | Women (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BBs | |||||
| MERIT-HF [69] | Metoprolol CR/XL | 28 | 458 | 1990 | 23 |
| COPERNICUS [70] | Carvedilol | 20 | 412 | 2289 | 18 |
| CIBIS-II [71] | Bisoprolol | 28 | 514 | 2539 | 20 |
| SENIORS [72] | Nebivolol | 33 | 785 | 2128 | 37 |
| ACEi/ARBs | |||||
| CHARM [73] | Candesartan | 31 | 925 | 3855 | 24 |
| Val-HEFT [74] | Valsartan | 27 | 1002 | 5010 | 20 |
| CONSENSUS [75] | Enalapril | Unknown | 59 | 253 | 23 |
| SOLVD [76] | Enalapril | 25 | 514 | 2569 | 20 |
| MRAs | |||||
| RALES [77] | Spironolactone | 25 | 446 | 1663 | 27 |
| EPHESUS [78] | Eplerenone | 26 | 610 | 2737 | 22 |
| If-channel blocker | |||||
| J-SHIFT [79] | Ivabradine | 29 | 1561 | 6505 | 24 |
| Digoxin | |||||
| DIG [80] | Digoxin | 28 | 1496 | 6800 | 22 |
| ARNi | |||||
| PARADIGM-HF [16] | Sacubitril-valsartan | < 35 | 1832 | 8399 | 22 |
| PIONEER-HF [81] | Sacubitril-valsartan | 24 | 246 | 881 | 28 |
ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, ARNi angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, BB beta-blockers, CHARM Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity, CIBIS-II Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II, CONSENSUS Co-operative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study, COPERNICUS Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival, DIG Digitalis Investigation Group, EPHESUS Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study, J-SHIFT Japanese Patients With Chronic Heart Failure, MERIT-HF Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in-Congestive Heart Failure, MRA mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists, PARADIGM-HF Prospective Comparison of ARNI With ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure trial, PIONEER-HF Comparison of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Enalapril on Effect on NT-pro BNP in Patients Stabilized From an Acute Heart Failure Episode, RALES Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study, SENIORS randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure, SOLVD Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Val-HeFT Valsartan Heart Failure Trial