TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics
| Control (n = 30) |
Intervention (n = 30) |
Group Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| Care-recipients with NCD | 72.73 ± 0.84 (64–80 yr) | 72.87 ± 0.84 (65–80 yr) | F(1,58) = 0.01, p = 0.91 |
| Caregivers | 71.83 ± 0.80 (66–82 yr) | 72.43 ± 0.80 (66–82 yr) | F(1,58) = 0.28, p = 0.60 |
| Years of education | |||
| Care-recipients with NCDa | 7.04 ± 0.31 (5–9 yr) | 7.96 ± 0.29 (5–11 yr) |
F(1,48) = 4.70, p = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.09 |
| Caregivers | 8.23 ± 0.25 (6–11 yr) | 7.90 ± 0.25 (6–11 yr) | F(1,58) = 0.88, p = 0.35 |
| Female: male ratio | |||
| Care-recipients with NCD | 12:18 | 13:17 | χ2 = 0.07, df = 1, p = 0.79 |
| Caregivers | 18:12 | 17:13 | |
| Number of Chronic diseases reported in caregiversb | |||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | χ2 = 1.15, df = 2, p = 0.56 |
| 1–2 | 22 | 25 | |
| >3 | 5 | 4 | |
| Hours of support by family (including primary caregivers) per day | |||
| 4–8 hr | 21 | 15 | χ2 = 2.50, df = 1, p = 0.11 |
| >8 hr | 9 | 15 | |
| Major source of financial incomec | |||
| Social security | 8 | 6 | χ2 = 0.38, df = 2, p = 0.83 |
| Family/relatives | 9 | 10 | |
| Own saving | 11 | 12 | |
Summary of demographic data of the 30 dyads in the control group and the 30 dyads in the intervention group. Values refer to group means ± standard error (SE), and the range in years are given in parenthesis. The last four variables are frequency counts, classified by groups and categories. There were some data missing in some measures. One-way ANOVA was used to assess group difference in age and years of education in care-recipients with NCD and caregivers. χ2 goodness-of-fit test was used to evaluate frequency counts between group on sex ratio, presence of chronic diseases in caregivers, level of support by family per day (more or less than 8 hours per day), and the major source of income.
Years of education in recipient with NCD were calculated based on 24 and 26 dyads in the control and intervention groups, respectively.
Total hours of care provided by all family members (including the primary caregivers) were classified for 27 and 30 dyads in the control and intervention groups, respectively. Due to the low counts in some cells, the Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test was also performed, which confirmed the lack of statistical significance based on the reported χ2 test of independence.
The major source of financial income could only be reliably determined in 28 dyads of each group.