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. 2019 Sep 17;59(6):2449–2462. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02092-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Plasma GLP-1 concentrations (a) and time-average incremental area under the curve (iAUC) values for plasma GLP-1 (b), GIP (c) and PYY (d) following ingestion of calcium citrate, milk minerals rich in calcium (MILK MINERALS) and MILK MINERALS plus whey protein hydrolysate (MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN) in healthy men and women. Data are means ± 95% CI, n = 20 for all data other than PYY, which are n = 16. GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, GIP glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, PYY peptide tyrosine tyrosine. ^bSignificant difference between MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN and MILK MINERALS; ^cSignificant difference between MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN and CITRATE (p ≤ 0.05)