Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants who received food-related behavioral activation therapy (F-BA) intervention (F-BA group) and participants who did not receive the F-BA intervention (control group) (N = 744)
| Characteristic | F-BA group n = 373 |
Control group n = 371 |
|---|---|---|
| Sexa | ||
| Female | 78.3 (292) | 72.5 (269) |
| Male | 21.7 (81) | 27.5 (102) |
| Age (years)b | 47.9 + 12.6 | 47.2 + 13.4 |
| Educationa | ||
| Low | 8.6 (32) | 10.8 (40) |
| Middle | 47.5 (177) | 46.9 (174) |
| High | 44.0 (164) | 42.3 (157) |
| Sitea | ||
| Germany | 29.0 (108) | 31.8 (118) |
| United Kingdom | 24.1 (90) | 25.3 (94) |
| Spain | 20.6 (77) | 22.1 (82) |
| The Netherlands | 26.3 (98) | 20.8 (77) |
| History of depressiona | ||
| Yes | 31.1 (116) | 33.4 (124) |
| No | 68.9 (257) | 66.6 (247) |
| Supplement statusa | ||
| Multi-nutrient supplement | 47.5 (177) | 49.1 (182) |
| Placebo | 52.5 (196) | 50.9 (189) |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 31.2 ± 3.8 | 31.2 ± 4.1 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day)c | 2167.8 (1689.6; 2632.7) | 2155.0 (1701.6; 2701.7) |
| Food intake (g/day)c | ||
| Vegetables | 292.0 (181.6; 437.1) | 302.5 (219.6; 456.2) |
| Fruit | 255.9 (166.7; 412.6) | 260.0 (165.7; 448.6) |
| Fish | 44.3 (27.1; 74.9) | 42.9 (24.3; 70.0) |
| Meat | 122.4 (79.3; 185.6) | 135.0 (86.1; 201.2) |
| Egg/soy | 25.0 (10.7; 42.9) | 27.9 (14.3; 49.4) |
| Pulses/legumes | 37.9 (22.5; 62.1) | 35.7 (21.8; 62.9) |
| Nuts | 2.1 (0.7; 5.0) | 2.1 (0.7; 5.0) |
| Potatoes | 24.5 (13.9; 43.6) | 24.3 (12.1; 46.5) |
| Whole grains | 90.6 (46.5; 156.6) | 92.8 (43.6; 170.4) |
| Refined grains | 98.6 (62.6; 166.4) | 100.4 (57.1; 163.3) |
| Low-fat dairy | 120.0 (17.1; 220.0) | 97.1 (17.1; 237.1) |
| High-fat dairy | 89.3 (39.3; 160.4) | 94.3 (46.1; 175.4) |
| Olive oil | 9.4 (3.1; 17.3) | 8.6 (3.1; 13.4) |
| Other fats/oils | 15.1 (8.0; 27.5) | 14.8 (7.1; 27.1) |
| Sweets/extras | 117.0 (70.3; 187.3) | 125.2 (77.9; 189.9) |
| Soft drinks | 85.7 (28.6; 197.1) | 68.6 (25.7; 200.0) |
| Alcoholic beverages | 42.9 (17.9; 114.3) | 45.4 (8.9; 119.6) |
| Water/coffee/tea | 1314.3 (971.4; 1657.1) | 1300.0 (914.3; 1700.0) |
| Environmental indicatorsc | ||
| GHGEd (kg CO2-eq/day) | 5.73 (4.47; 7.44) | 5.94 (4.50; 7.84) |
| LUe (m2*y/day) | 4.51 (3.49; 5.81) | 4.61 (3.49; 6.12) |
| FEUf (MJ/day) | 40.33 (31.89; 52.35) | 41.28 (33.09; 56.95) |
| pReCiPe scoreg (points/day) | 0.55 (0.44; 0.74) | 0.58 (0.45; 0.77) |
aValues displayed as percentage (frequency)
bValues displayed as mean ± SD
cValues displayed as median with interquartile range (25; 75th percentile)
dGreenhouse gas emission
eLand use
fFossil energy use
gWeighted average of GHGE, LU and FEU