Table 2.
Hazard ratios for recurrence in SNIP patients included in the study
| Characteristics | Total SNIPs (n = 76) No. (%) |
Recurrences No. (%) |
Crude HR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital | |||
| Bellvitge (Spain) | 43 (56.58) | 12 (27.91) | Ref. |
| Czerniakowski (Poland) | 33 (43.42) | 5 (15.15) | 0.81 (0.27–2.39) |
| Age at diagnosisb | |||
| Mean (SD) | 56.34 (16.40) | – | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 51 (67.11) | 14 (27.45) | Ref. |
| Female | 25 (32.89) | 3 (12.00) | 0.45 (0.13–1.58) |
| Year of diagnosis | |||
| Range | 1995–2017 | – | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) |
| Tobacco use | |||
| Never smoker | 32 (42.11) | 7 (21.88) | Ref. |
| Ever smoker | 44 (57.89) | 10 (22.73) | 0.97 (0.35–2.64) |
| Alcohol use | |||
| Never drinker | 55 (72.37) | 12 (21.82) | Ref. |
| Ever drinker | 21 (27.63) | 5 (23.81) | 1.32 (0.46–3.78) |
| Previous history of HPV-related pathology | |||
| No | 73 (96.05) | 16 (21.92) | Ref. |
| Yes | 3 (3.95) | 1 (33.33) | 0.91 (0.12–7.06) |
| Krouse classification | |||
| 1 | 33 (43.42) | 8 (24.24) | Ref. |
| 2 | 23 (30.26) | 6 (26.09) | 1.70 (0.54–5.29) |
| 3 | 16 (21.05) | 3 (18.75) | 1.27 (0.28–5.75) |
| 4 | 4 (5.26) | 0 (0.00) | – |
| Transitional epithelium | |||
| Absence | 18 (23.68) | 2 (11.11) | Ref. |
| Presence | 58 (76.32) | 15 (25.86) | 3.01 (0.67–13.56) |
| Squamous epithelium | |||
| Absence | 43 (56.58) | 11 (25.58) | Ref. |
| Presence | 33 (43.42) | 6 (18.18) | 0.49 (0.17–1.43) |
| Columnar epithelium | |||
| Absence | 22 (28.95) | 3 (13.64) | Ref. |
| Presence | 54 (71.05) | 14 (25.93) | 1.90 (0.54–6.69) |
| Papillar or exophytic lesion adyacent to SNIP | |||
| Absence | 58 (76.32) | 14 (24.14) | Ref. |
| Presence | 18 (23.68) | 3 (16.67) | 0.85 (0.20–3.55) |
| Polymorphonuclear neutrophil inflammatory intralesional infiltrate (present in 74 cases) | |||
| Low | 67 (90.54) | 16 (23.88) | Ref. |
| Moderate | 7 (9.46) | 1 (14.29) | 0.52 (0.07–3.96) |
| Polymorphonuclear neutrophil inflammatory perilesional infiltrate (present in 75 cases) | |||
| Low | 56 (74.67) | 12 (21.43) | Ref. |
| Moderate | 18 (24.00) | 5 (27.78) | 2.59 (0.79–8.52) |
| Severe | 1 (1.33) | 0 (0.00) | – |
| Dysplasia at diagnosis adyacent to SNIP | |||
| Absence | 75 (98.68) | 16 (21.33) | Ref. |
| Presence | 1 (1.32) | 1 (100.00) | 18.83 (1.71–207.65) |
| Progression to cancer during follow-up | |||
| No | 74 (97.37) | 16 (21.62) | Ref. |
| Yes | 2 (2.63) | 1 (50.00) | 1.69 (0.22–13.24) |
| HPV positivity | |||
| No | 72 (94.74) | 16 (22.22) | Ref. |
| Yes | 4 (5.26) | 1 (25.00) | 3.70 (0.44–31.37) |
Statistically significant confidence interval given in bold
SNIP Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
aThree out of 79 cases did not have information regarding recurrence
bFirst row shows mean age of the sample with its standard deviation