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. 2020 Aug 6;10:13274. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70203-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Preferential recruitment of monocyte is observed at the active lesions of NMOSD and the CSF monocyte count correlates with mitochondrial DNA levels in NMOSD patients. (A) In the NMOSD brain parenchyma, CD68-positive monocytes are detected at the subarachnoid space (arrow heads) where the loss of AQP4 staining is observed (arrow) (left column). In control brain, CD68-positive monocytes are absent where the AQP4 expression is preserved (right column). (B) MtDNA gene levels show positive correlation with the percentage of CD14⁺monocytes in NMOSD patients’ CSF. (C) COX3 gene expression level does not show significant correlation with the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells, CD19⁺ B cells, or the number of total cells in the NMOSD patients’ CSF. Scale bar: 50 µm