Fig. 4.

Vps13 and Atg40 function in the same ER-phagy pathway. (A) Atg40 and Vps13 act on the same pathway. Fluorescence images of yeast cells expressing Sec61-GFP after rapamycin treatment. The vacuolar membrane was stained with FM4-64. (B) The percentage of cells with GFP in the vacuole was quantified. Error bars represent SEM; n = 3 independent experiments. NS, nonsignificant (P ≥ 0.05), Student’s t test. (C) Western blot analysis of Sec61-GFP cleavage to GFP before and after rapamycin treatment. Adh1 was used as a loading control. (D) The percentage of free GFP divided by total GFP was quantified. The data were normalized to the WT control. Error bars represent SEM; n = 3 independent experiments. NS, nonsignificant (P ≥ 0.05), Student’s t test. (Scale bar, 2 μm.)