Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of included patients N = 86.
| Characteristic | No. of patients |
|---|---|
| Demographic | |
| Age in years (mean ± SD) | 56 ± 20 |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 55 (64) |
| APACHE II score (mean ± SD) | 17 ± 5 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |
| Malignancy | 10 (12) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 12 (14) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 13 (15) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2 (3) |
| Pulmonary diseases | 14 (16) |
| Hypertension | 50 (58) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 44 (51) |
| Chronic renal failure | 18 (21) |
| Liver failure | 2 (3) |
| Neurology disease | 12 (14) |
| Endocrine disorder | 5 (6) |
| Reason for admission n (%) | |
| Septic shock | 36 (42) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15 (17) |
| Cardiovascular causes | 11 (13) |
| Respiratory distress | 7 (8) |
| Malignancy | 5 (6) |
| Others* | 12 (14) |
| Admission to the ICU, n (%) | 78 (91) |
| Isolated pathogen at diagnosis, n (%) | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 24 (28) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 52 (60) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 8 (9) |
| Other | 2 (3) |
| Method of specimen sampling, n (%) | |
| Invasive (BAL, mBAL, PSB) | 4 (5) |
| Non-invasive (ETA, sputum induction, nasotracheal suctioning) | 82 (95) |
| Culture method, n (%) | |
| Quantitative | 4 (5) |
| Semi-quantitative | 82 (95) |
| Antimicrobial susceptibility, n (%) | |
| Colistin-only susceptible | 21 (24) |
| Concomitant systemic antibiotic therapy, n (%) | |
| None | 10 (12) |
| Intravenous CMS | 66 (77) |
| Carbapenem | 45 (52) |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 15 (17) |
| Tigecycline | 8 (9) |
| Cephalosporin | 5 (6) |
| Fluoroquinolone | 4 (5) |
| Aminoglycoside | 2 (3) |
| Intravenous CMS total daily dose in MIU, (mean ± SD) | 8 ± 2 |
| Inhaled CMS total daily dose in MIU, (mean ± SD) | 6 ± 3 |
| Duration of aerosolized CMS therapy in days, (mean ± SD) | 11 ± 6 |
| Duration of hospitalization, (mean ± SD) | 122 ± 97 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation (mean ± SD) | 31 ± 19 |
Abbreviation: APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; CMS: colistin methanesulfonate; ETA: endotracheal aspirate; ICU: intensive care unit; MIU: million international unit; mg: milligram; MV: mechanical ventilation; mBAL: mini bronchoalveolar lavage; PSB: protected specimen brush; SD: standard deviation
*Include trauma, neurological diseases, post-surgical complications, and gastrointestinal perforations.