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Treatment date palm seed decreases IL-1β and TGF-β expression. The cytokines levels were measured at day 0 (pre-treatment) and day 15 (post-treatment) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mean ± SE are presented (n = 22). Asterisks indicate student t-test significance values; **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. ns = not significant.
