Fig. 2.

The effect of TMP pretreatment on indomethacin-induced histopathological changes of gastric tissue (×100). Group (A): control group presented normal histological structure of the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis mucosa and serosa, Group (B):indomethacin-exposed group, showed reduced mucosal thickness with destructed lining epithelium of mucosal layer and congested blood vessels (arrow), Group (C):showed normal histological structure of gastric tissue. Likewise, pretreatment with TMP at 60 mg/kg dose (F) and TMP-alone treated groups (G) showed no histopathological alterations. Groups pretreated with TMP 15 and 30 mg/kg (D and E respectively) showed less sever destructed lining epithelium of mucosal layer with little congestion in a dose-related manner, (H) Histological score (n = 6) a and b: statistically significant from the corresponding control and indomethacin group, respectively, at P < 0.05 using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s as a post-hoc test.