Table 4.
Quality of evidence included RCTs by GRADE.
| Interventions | Included RCTs (patients) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Quality assessment | Quality of evidence | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | ||||
| Reducing pain intensity | ||||||||
| AT + CM | 3 (272) | SMD 1.33 (−0.78 to 3.43) | −1① | −1② | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low |
| AT | 1 (60) | SMD −0.21 (−0.72 to 0.30) | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1③ | 0 | Moderate |
|
| ||||||||
| POVN | ||||||||
| AT + CM | 3 (312) | RR 0.71 (0.55 to 0.92) | −1① | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Moderate |
| AT | 2 (170) | RR 0.82 (0.60 to 1.12) | −1① | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Moderate |
| AT + TCM + CM | 1 (74) | RR 0.50 (0.05 to 5.28) | −1① | 0 | 0 | −1③ | −1④ | Very low |
|
| ||||||||
| First defecation time | ||||||||
| AT + CM | 3 (244) | SMD −2.05 (−2.39 to −1.72) | 0 | −1② | 0 | 0 | 0 | Moderate |
| AT | 1 (60) | SMD −1.64 (−2.24 to −1.05) | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1③ | 0 | Moderate |
| AT + TCM + CM | 1 (387) | SMD −1.03 (−1.26 to −0.79) | −1① | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1④ | Low |
|
| ||||||||
| First flatus time | ||||||||
| AT + CM | 7 (648) | SMD −2.66 (−3.82 to −1.50) | −1① | −1② | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low |
| AT | 1 (60) | SMD −0.69 (−1.21 to −0.17) | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1③ | 0 | Moderate |
| AT + TCM + CM | 2 (461) | SMD −2.07 (−2.31 to −1.83) | −1① | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1④ | Low |
|
| ||||||||
| First bowel sounds time | ||||||||
| AT + CM | 4 (402) | SMD −2.85 (−3.15 to −2.55) | −1① | −1② | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low |
| AT + TCM + CM | 2 (461) | SMD −2.91 (−3.19 to −2.64) | −1① | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1④ | Low |
Notes. ①Most information is from the moderate risk studies, and there are major limitations. ②The size and direction of the effect size, the overlap of the confidence interval is small, the p value of the heterogeneity test is small, and the combined results of I2 value are large. ③The sample is insufficient. ④Few studies are included, and there may be a large publication bias.