Table 3. Weighted Logistic Regression Models of Food Insecurity, Adjusted for Adiposity, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Sociodemographic Characteristics, 1999-2016a.
| Variable | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Model 1b | Model 2c | |
| BMI | ||
| Normal weight: <25 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Overweight: 25-29.9 | 0.89 (0.80-0.99) | 0.95 (0.85-1.06) |
| Obese: ≥30 | 1.24 (1.10-1.38) | 1.23 (1.08-1.39) |
| WC | ||
| <High risk | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| High risk | 1.00 (0.91-1.09) | 1.13 (1.02-1.25) |
| Sex | ||
| Women | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Men | 1.05 (0.99-1.12) | 0.98 (0.92-1.05) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2.74 (2.45-3.08) | 1.66 (1.48-1.86) |
| Hispanic | 3.91 (3.44-4.45) | 2.03 (1.78-2.31) |
| Other | 1.45 (1.22-1.73) | 1.11 (0.92-1.33) |
| Age | NA | 0.98 (0.98-0.98) |
| Educational level | ||
| ≤High school | NA | 1 [Reference] |
| ≥Some college | NA | 0.53 (0.48-0.57) |
| Poverty-to-income ratio (family) | ||
| ≤130% FPL | NA | 1 [Reference] |
| >130% FPL | NA | 0.25 (0.23-0.28) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | NA | 1 [Reference] |
| Not married | NA | 1.47 (1.32-1.64) |
| Survey year | ||
| 1999-2000 | NA | 1 [Reference] |
| 2001-2002 | NA | 1.37 (1.02-1.82) |
| 2003-2004 | NA | 1.55 (1.28-1.87) |
| 2005-2006 | NA | 1.42 (1.16-1.73) |
| 2007-2008 | NA | 1.52 (1.21-1.91) |
| 2009-2010 | NA | 1.89 (1.53-2.34) |
| 2011-2012 | NA | 2.23 (1.79-2.78) |
| 2013-2014 | NA | 2.13 (1.73-2.64) |
| 2015-2016 | NA | 3.00 (2.45-3.66) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); FPL, federal poverty level; NA, not applicable; WC, waist circumference.
a
Data were weighted to be nationally representative. Participants with missing data were excluded from analyses.
b
Adjusted for adiposity, sex, and race/ethnicity.
c
Fully adjusted.