Table 2. Association of Mindfulness-Based Interventions With Short-Term Anxiety by Patient, Intervention, and Methodological Factors in 28 Included Studies.
| Subgroup | Trials, No. | Patients, No. | SMD (95% CI) | I2, % | P value for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of cancer | |||||
| Breast | 10 | 1224 | −0.40 (−0.62 to −0.17) | 68 | .33 |
| >1 Cancer and other cancer types | 14 | 1115 | −0.57 (−0.86 to −0.29) | 76 | |
| Cancer stage | |||||
| Nonmetastatic | 10 | 1209 | −0.52 (−0.73 to −0.31) | 69 | .31 |
| Metastatic | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Metastatic and nonmetastatic | 7 | 686 | −0.36 (−0.55 to −0.16) | 37 | |
| Timing of intervention | |||||
| During cancer treatment | 3 | 183 | −1.16 (−1.94 to −0.38) | 78 | .19 |
| After cancer treatment | 9 | 966 | −0.43 (−0.70 to −0.17) | 71 | |
| Both during and after cancer treatment | 9 | 989 | −0.39 (−0.68 to −0.11) | 76 | |
| Intervention type | |||||
| Mindfulness-based stress reduction | 11 | 1376 | −0.32 (−0.49 to −0.14) | 57 | .52 |
| Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy | 7 | 604 | −0.32 (−0.53 to −0.12) | 31 | |
| Mindfulness-based art therapy | 2 | 117 | −1.41 (−3.36 to 0.54) | 91 | |
| Mindfulness-based cancer recovery | 1 | 33 | −0.78 (−1.64 to 0.08) | NAa | |
| Delivery setting | |||||
| Group | 21 | 2067 | −0.39 (−0.54 to −0.24) | 60 | .07 |
| Nongroup | 3 | 272 | −1.19 (−2.05 to −0.34) | 90 | |
| Length of intervention, wks | |||||
| <8 | 7 | 715 | −0.78 (−1.27 to −0.29) | 88 | .14 |
| ≥8 | 17 | 1624 | −0.39 (−0.57 to −0.21) | 71 | |
| Adequate sequence generation | |||||
| Yes | 18 | 2028 | −0.43 (−0.61 to −0.26) | 71 | .23 |
| Unclear | 6 | 311 | −0.83 (−1.46 to −0.21) | 82 | |
| Adequate allocation concealment | |||||
| Yes | 10 | 1361 | −0.36 (−0.54 to −0.17) | 63 | .32 |
| Unclear | 14 | 978 | −0.68 (−1.02 to −0.34) | 76 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; SMD, standardized mean difference.
a
I2 is not calculated here because only 1 study reported this outcome.