Table 2.
Univariate analysis for severe respiratory failure among patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: derivation cohort
| Cases with available data | Severe respiratory failure (n = 189) | No severe respiratory failure (n = 455) | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years), mean (±SD) | 644 | 72.2 (±13.9) | 60.1 (±14.8) | 1.06 (1.045–1.073)a |
| Sex, male | 644 | 108 (57) | 268 (59) | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) |
| Underlying diseases | ||||
| Obesity | 633 | 76 (40) | 46 (10) | 6.09 (3.99–9.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 393 | 28.3 (25–31) | 25.9 (23–27) | 1.14 (1.085–1.21)a |
| Hypertension | 636 | 126 (67) | 195 (42) | 2.75 (1.92–3.93) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 643 | 18 (9) | 19 (4) | 2.11 (1.04–4.3) |
| Coronary artery disease | 644 | 25 (13) | 31 (6) | 2.09 (1.2–3.64) |
| Congestive heart failure | 644 | 16 (8) | 16 (3) | 2.54 (1.2–5.2) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 644 | 30 (18) | 14 (3) | 5.94 (3.07–11.5) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 644 | 19 (10) | 16 (3) | 2.57 (1.33–4.96) |
| Chronic kidney disease (moderate to severe) | 644 | 20 (11) | 41 (9) | 1.2 (0.68–2.1) |
| COPD | 644 | 32 (16) | 26 (6) | 3.36 (1.94–5.8) |
| Immunosuppression | 618 | 9 (5) | 12 (3) | 1.98 (0.82–4.79) |
| Charlson index (median, IQR) | 588 | 4.4 (2–6) | 2.5 (1–4) | 1.32 (1.23–1.42)a |
| Symptoms at onset | ||||
| Fever ≥38°C | 626 | 96 (51) | 236 (51) | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) |
| Cough | 629 | 98 (52) | 282 (62) | 0.69 (0.49–0.99) |
| Dyspnoea | 630 | 93 (49) | 148 (32) | 2.09 (1.47–2.96) |
| Time to hospital admission (days), median (IQR) | 560 | 6 (3–9) | 6 (3–8) | 0.95 (0.93–0.97)a |
| Symptoms at hospitalization | ||||
| Fever ≥38°C | 637 | 98 (52) | 150 (33) | 2.23 (1.58–3.17) |
| Cough | 635 | 93 (49) | 283 (62) | 0.59 (0.42–0.83) |
| Dyspnoea | 636 | 108 (57) | 148 (32) | 2.83 (1.99–4.02) |
| Vital signs at hospitalization | ||||
| GCS (median, IQR) | 597 | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 0.68 (0.53–0.87)a |
| MAP (median, IQR) | 598 | 90.7 (83–96) | 91.4 (83–96) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01)a |
| PR (median, IQR) | 585 | 85 (76–94) | 85 (75–95) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01)a |
| RR (median, IQR) | 623 | 24 (20–27) | 18 (16–21) | 1.14 (1.1–1.18)a |
| Sato2 on ambient air (%), (median, IQR) | 580 | 95 (93–97) | 97 (95–98) | 0.98 (0.96–1.00)a |
| Laboratory tests at hospitalization | ||||
| Lymphocytes (109/L), median (IQR) | 595 | 0.84 (0.60–1.06) | 1.17 (0.88–1.51) | 0.16 (0.10–0.28)a |
| CRP (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 601 | 11.0 (5.3–16.0) | 3.3 (1.6–6.99) | 1.2 (1.16–1.25)a |
| LDH (IU/L), median (IQR) | 569 | 350 (255–491) | 255 (201–313) | 1.0 (1.003–1.006)a |
| Glucose (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 487 | 116 (102–137) | 107 (94–123) | 1.01 (1.003–1.01)a |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 623 | 1.06 (0.86–1.36) | 0.86 (0.71–1.03) | 1.44 (1.15–1.81)a |
| Sodium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 525 | 137 (135–141) | 137 (135–140) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06)a |
| Potassium (mmo/L), median (IQR) | 513 | 4 (3.7–4.4) | 4 (3.7–4.3) | 0.96 (0.82–1.14)a |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 502 | 0.65 (0.45–0.85) | 0.60 (0.46–0.80) | 1.57 (1.03–2.34)a |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L), median (IQR) | 531 | 35 (27–45) | 31 (23–42) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01)a |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) median (IQR) | 566 | 22 (16–32) | 27 (18–40) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00)a |
All values given are n (%) unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESLD, end-stage liver disease; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; IQR interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PR, pulse rate.
a
For each year, point or unit increase.