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. 2020 Aug 7;11:3935. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17824-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a Schematic representation of the experimental procedure (left). Field responses were evoked by dorsal root stimulation and recorded at different depths from the dorsal surface (right). Baseline responses (black) were facilitated after low-frequency stimulation (LFS; gray). b Time course of fPSP responses in superficial (n = 8) and deep recordings (n = 5). Arrow shows the time of LFS application. Number insets correspond to baseline and facilitated traces in a. c LFS produced a greater increase in fPSP responses in superficial than in deep recordings after 150 min (t= 2.6, P = 0.02). Individual experiments are depicted in gray. d Relationship between the rate of fPSP area increase (slope of LTF) and the distance of the recording electrode position from the external dorsal horn surface. The slope of LTF decreases as the recording electrode is placed deeper into the dorsal horn. e Blocking KCC2 activity with VU0240551 (10 μM) produced similar increase in fPSP responses after LFS in superficial (n = 5) and deep recordings (n = 5). Insets show representative traces of fPSP responses during baseline (red) and 150 min after LFS (gray). f LTF was stabilized in superficial recordings (n = 7), similar to deep (n = 6), when TrkB signaling was blocked with ANA-12 (1 μM). Insets show representative traces of fPSP responses during baseline (blue) and 150 min after LFS (gray). g Differences in slope of LTF between superficial (black) and deep (gray) recordings. VU0240551 (red) abolished the difference in slope of LTF between superficial and deeper recordings (unpaired t-test, t = 0.2, P = 0.8), while ANA-12 (blue) or CLP257 (5 μM, orange) treatments stabilized the slope of LTF in superficial recordings (ANA-12: t = 0.5, P = 0.6; CLP257: t = 0.5, P = 0.6). CTR control, fPSP field post-synaptic potential, LFS low frequency stimulation, LTF long-term facilitation. S superficial, D deep, n.s. not significant. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.05.