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. 2020 Aug 7;11:3962. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17771-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, b Two mutant alleles of Gr32a, Gr32a^Δ(a), and Gr32a^KO(b), failed to show the increase defense after mating. n = 8 for each group in (a), n = 8, 8, 16 and 17 (from left to right) in (b). ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05, p > 0.05 (n.s.), two-tailed unpaired t tests. c Silencing Gr32a neurons with Kir2.1 eliminated the mating-induced elevation of defensive response. n = 9, 8, 8, 8, 9, and 9 (from left to right). **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, p > 0.05 (n.s.), two-tailed unpaired t tests. d Co-expression of PPK (red) and Gr32a (green) in female reproductive tract. Scale bar represented 50 μm. Right: the cell bodies of PPK (red) and Gr32a (green) on uterus were enlarged. SR indicated seminal receptacle. Scale bar represented 20 μm. e Immunofluorescence of Gr32a (red) in the central nervous system. White arrow indicated projections of Gr32a neurons on the uterus. Blue: nc82. Scale bar represented 50 μm. f Immunofluorescence of UNs (red). The expression of Gr32a in chemoreceptors on other appendages was eliminated by intersection strategy of indicated genotype. White arrow indicated projections of Gr32a UNs. Right panel: projections of UNs in the Abg. Blue: nc82. Scale bar represented 50 μm. g Schematic showed that the cell bodies of UNs. These UNs projected to the abdominal ganglion of the VNC (green). h, i Silencing UNs h blocked the post-mating enhancement of defensive response, while activating them i elevated defensive response in decapitated virgins. n = 12, 8, 13, 6, 8, 10 (from left to right) in (h), n = 10, 13, 8 for each group in (i). ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05, p > 0.05 (n.s.), two-tailed unpaired t tests. j Activation of UNs in virgin females decreased the courtship successful rates, and these virgins were paired with naïve Canton S male. n = 14, 20 and 17 for each group. *p < 0.03, two-tailed Fisher’s exact test. Error bars indicate mean ± SEM, n.s., not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.