Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population.
| Alcohol intake during second health examination (drinks per day) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 0 | > 0– ≤ 1 | > 1– ≤ 2 | > 2– ≤ 4 | > 4 | |
| Number of participants (%) | 112,403 | 96,716 (86.0) | 10,621 (9.4) | 2,476 (3.6) | 1,784 (1.6) | 806 (0.7) |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 58.7 (8.5) | 59.0 (8.6) | 56.8 (7.8) | 56.6 (7.6) | 56.3 (7.3) | 55.1 (6.6) |
| Sex, N (%) | ||||||
| Men | 40,035 (35.6) | 28,994 (30.0) | 6,485 (61.1) | 2,132 (86.1) | 1,639 (92.4) | 775 (96.2) |
| Women | 72,368 (64.4) | 67,722 (70.0) | 4,136 (38.9) | 344 (13.9) | 135 (7.6) | 31 (3.9) |
| Household income, quartiles, N (%) | ||||||
| 1st (highest) | 37,640 (33.5) | 31,672 (32.8) | 4,010 (37.8) | 958 (38.7) | 685 (38.4) | 315 (39.1) |
| 2nd | 32,879 (29.3) | 28,277 (29.2) | 3,047 (28.7) | 761 (30.7) | 545 (30.6) | 249 (30.9) |
| 3rd | 24,482 (21.8) | 21,356 (22.1) | 2,153 (20.3) | 475 (19.2) | 338 (19.0) | 160 (19.9) |
| 4th (lowest) | 17,402 (15.5) | 15,411 (15.9) | 1,411 (13.3) | 282 (11.4) | 282 (11.4) | 82 (10.2) |
| Smoking, N (%) | ||||||
| Never smoker | 89,331 (79.5) | 81,139 (83.9) | 6,505 (61.3) | 965 (39.0) | 519 (29.1) | 203 (25.2) |
| Past smoker | 12,538 (11.2) | 8,503 (8.8) | 2,419 (22.8) | 758 (30.6) | 603 (33.8) | 255 (31.6) |
| Current smoker | 10,534 (9.4) | 7,074 (7.3) | 1,697 (16.0) | 753 (30.4) | 662 (37.1) | 348 (43.2) |
| Physical activity, times per week, N (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 57,150 (50.8) | 51,556 (53.3) | 3,736 (35.2) | 902 (36.4) | 653 (36.6) | 303 (37.6) |
| 1–2 | 32,126 (28.6) | 26,032 (26.9) | 4,242 (39.9) | 896 (36.2) | 664 (37.2) | 292 (36.2) |
| 3–4 | 16,690 (14.9) | 13,782 (14.3) | 1,910 (18.0) | 490 (19.8) | 346 (19.4) | 162 (20.1) |
| ≥ 5 | 6,437 (5.7) | 5,346 (5.5) | 733 (6.9) | 188 (7.6) | 121 (6.8) | 49 (6.1) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.7 (2.9) | 23.7 (2.9) | 23.8 (2.7) | 24.1 (2.8) | 24.3 (2.8) | 24.6 (2.8) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 123.3 (15.1) | 123.2 (15.2) | 123.0 (14.5) | 125.7 (14.8) | 127.0 (14.8) | 127.4 (14.8) |
| Fasting serum glucose, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 98.3 (22.6) | 98.0 (22.3) | 98.8 (22.6) | 102.1 (26.3) | 104.2 (26.3) | 106.0 (28.6) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 202.5 (37.1) | 202.8 (37.2) | 201.0 (36.2) | 199.9 (36.4) | 198.5 (35.7) | 198.7 (36.6) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, N (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 24,261 (21.6) | 20,096 (20.8) | 2,735 (25.8) | 671 (27.1) | 523 (29.3) | 236 (29.3) |
| 1 | 33,927 (30.2) | 28,954 (29.9) | 3,327 (31.3) | 812 (32.8) | 567 (31.8) | 267 (33.1) |
| 2 | 26,300 (23.4) | 22,840 (23.6) | 2,416 (22.8) | 530 (21.4) | 345 (19.3) | 169 (21.0) |
| ≥ 3 | 27,915 (24.8) | 24,826 (25.7) | 2,143 (20.2) | 463 (18.7) | 349 (19.6) | 134 (16.6) |
Acronyms: SD standard deviation.